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A - MSRA Gynaecology [8] > [24] Contraception - Barrier > Flashcards

[24] Contraception - Barrier Flashcards

1
Q

Is barrier contraception common?

A

Yes, one of the most common forms of contraception in the UK

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2
Q

How does barrier contraception prevent pregnancy?

A

It stops the male’s sperm from coming into contact with the female’s ovum

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3
Q

What is the additional benefit of barrier contraception?

A

Some forms may decrease the risk of STI transmission

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4
Q

What are male condoms typically made of?

A

Latex

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5
Q

How are male condoms put on?

A

They are rolled down from the tip of the penis to the base

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6
Q

Where does semen collect in a male condom?

A

In a reservoir at the tip end

lol does this really require a card

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7
Q

Do male condoms stop the transmission of STIs?

A

Yes, of some

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8
Q

Give 2 examples of STIs that male condoms stop the transmission of?

A
  • Chlamydia

- Gonorrhoea

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9
Q

What is the failure rate of condoms with perfect use?

A

2%

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10
Q

What is the typical failure rate of condoms?

A

16%

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11
Q

What are the advantages of male condoms?

A
  • Not contraindicated by any conditions except latex allergies
  • Only contraceptive method available that is controlled by the male, which may be desirable by the couple
  • Widely available and simple to use
  • Only needs to be used immediately before intercourse
  • Protective against many STIs
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12
Q

What alternatives are available for couples with a latex allergy who want to use male condoms?

A

Polyurethane

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13
Q

How does the efficacy rate differ between latex condoms and polyurethane male condoms?

A

It is similar

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14
Q

What are the disadvantages of male condoms?

A
  • Perfect use is rarely achieved

- Can reduce sensitivity or arousal

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15
Q

Why is perfect use rarely achieved with male condoms?

A
  • May become dislodged

- Couple may lack motivation to use every time

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16
Q

What are female condoms made from?

A

Polyurethane

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17
Q

Describe female condoms

A

They are tubular shaped, where the inner rings sits deep in the vagina and the open outer ring sits just outside the vulva

18
Q

How do female condoms work?

A

The male inserts their penis into the female condom, preventing contact with the vagina

19
Q

Do female condoms reduce the transmission of STIs?

A

Yes, of some e.g. chlamydia and gonorrhoea

20
Q

What is the failure rate of female condoms with perfect use?

A

5%

21
Q

What is the typical failure rate of female condoms?

A

21%

22
Q

What are the advantages of female condoms?

A
  • No contraindications
  • Less likely to tear than male condoms
  • May protect against some STIs
  • Can be inserted up to 8 hours before intercourse
23
Q

What are the disadvantages of female condoms?

A
  • Perfect use is rarely achieved
  • Penis may be inserted between condom and vaginal wall
  • Can be noisy and/or uncomfortable for woman during intercourse
24
Q

Why is perfect use rarely achieved with female condoms?

A
  • May become dislodged

- Couple may lack motivation to use every time

25
Q

What are diaphragms made of?

A

Typically rubber with a metal inner frame

26
Q

Where do diaphragms sit?

A

Spans the posterior fornix to the anteroinferior wall of the vagina

27
Q

How do diaphragms work?

A

They cover the cervix, therefore preventing the entry of semen

28
Q

How are diaphragms held in place?

A

Combination of vaginal tone, rigid metal inner frame, and pubic symphysis

29
Q

What are diaphragms often combined with?

A

Spermicide

30
Q

Why are diaphragms often combined with spermicide?

A

To increase their efficacy

31
Q

What is the failure rate of the diaphragm with perfect use?

A

6%

32
Q

What is the typical failure rate of the diaphragm?

A

16%

33
Q

Where do cervical caps sit?

A

Directly over the cervix

34
Q

How are cervical caps held in place?

A

Suction and vaginal tone

35
Q

What are cervical caps often combined with?

A

Spermicide

36
Q

What is the failure rate of cervical caps with perfect use?

A

9% in nulliparous women, 20% in parous women

37
Q

What is the typical failure rate of cervical caps?

A

16% in nulliparous women, 20% in parous women

38
Q

What are the advantages of diaphragms and cervical caps?

A

Can be inserted up to 3 hours before intercourse

39
Q

What are the disadvantages of diaphragms and cervical caps?

A
  • Perfect use rarely achieved
  • Require prior planning and careful insertion
  • Requiring measuring and fitting to find correct size
  • Associated with higher risk of UTIs
  • STI transmission is not reduced
40
Q

What requires a refitting of a diaphragm or cervical cap?

A

Any weight gain or pregnancy

41
Q

Why are diaphragms and cervical caps associated with a higher risk of UTIs

A

Most likely due to position of diaphragm/cap putting pressure on urethra

42
Q

Why might diaphragms and cervical caps increase the rate of transmission of STIs?

A

Spermicide may irritate the vaginal mucosa possibly increasing the rate of transmission

A - MSRA Gynaecology [8] (52 decks)

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