#24 - bronchogenic carcinoma Flashcards
Smoking is what percent of the risk for lung cancer?
> 90%
Which type of lung cancer is the most common
non-small cell lung cancer (adenocarcinoma is biggest chunk of this)
Second most common type of lung cancer
small cell lung cancer - neuroendocrine tumors which can secrete hormones / proteins.
biology / histology - which trumps which?
biology trumps histology
What dooes TMN stand for?
T= tumor size N= (lymph) nodes involved M = metastasis
Basic staging criteria for stage 1 lung cancer
only way you have stage 1 disease is a tiny tumor without anything else.
basic staging for stage 4 lung cancer
any metastasis = stage 4 (worst stage)
Which stages of lung cancer are surgically operable?
Stage 1 and 2 are surgically operable. A small portion of stage 3 tumors are operable.
Stage 4 is never operable, never curable.
who is eligible to get screened for lung cancer w/ CT scan
- age 55 to 75
- > 30 pack yr smoker
- quite within 15 years, or current smoker.
effects of screening
reduced lung cancer death rate 20%. Found more cancers, and found them earlier than in CXR group
positive node on lung cancer screening- what to do?
surveillance! high rate of nodes found (40% of scans)
-repeat scans every 3 to 6 months, for 2-5 years depending on appearance.
Characteristics of malignant tumors
- spiculated
- upper lobe
- mixed consistency
- > 6mm
utility of PET CT for lung cancer
sensitive, not specific - granulomas and infections also show up.
T/F one of the reasons lung cancer is deadly is that it metastasizes at an early stage
True.
patient with cough and dyspnea over 3 to 4 months, plus absent breath sounds/fremitus. Xray shows a large pleural effusion, which then shows adenocarcinoma cells in the effusion. What is the stage?
stage 4 - any malignant effusion = automatic stage 4
malignant effusion treatment
drainage, pleurodesis, indwelling catheter. all have risks/benefits
treatment for stage 4 lung cancer
chemo- can add months to life
radiation - can relieve pain
NO ROLE for surgery
-early hospice intervention improves satifaction for patient and family, and IMPROVES SURVIVAL!
how is small cell lung cancer staged?
limited vs. extensive (diff from non-small cell)
in lung cancer, which is more important, gene expression patterns or histologic staging?
gene expression patterns
what is the treatment for stage 2
surgery and adjuvant chemo
