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D3 > 2.4 Bordeaux Key Appellations > Flashcards

2.4 Bordeaux Key Appellations Flashcards

1
Q

How many appellations are there in Bordeaux? And what can be said about most of the production?

A

65
50 percent of the production come from generic Bordeaux AOC and Bordeaux Supérieur AOC.
Mainly the reds are Merlot-dominated with med red fruit, high acidity, med body and alco and med plus tannins.
Whites are made with increasing amount of SB and have med int gooseberry and lemon, med body and alco and high acidity. Most whites are accept to good quality and mid-priced.

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2
Q

What are the main requirements for generic Bordeaux?

A

White 65 hL per ha
Rose 62 hL per ha
Red 60 hL per ha.
All varieties allowed in generic red bordeaux, however tradition tends to make LB wines like Pauillac AOC more with CS and RB like Pomerol AOC with more Merlot.

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3
Q

What are the left bank appellations from north to south?

A 
Medoc
Saint-Estephe
Pauillac
Haut-Medoc
Saint-Julien
Listrac-Medoc
Moulins
Margaux
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4
Q

What do medoc and haut-medoc have in common?

A

They are on the LB north of Bordeaux.
They are only for red wine and max yield is 55 hL pr ha
Wine can be sold from mid June the year after harvest
Large areas so price and quality have a wide range.

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5
Q

What are the differences between Medoc M and Haut-medoc HM?

A

M northern end of LB and planted equally with Merlot and CS.
HM closest Bordeaux City and houses some of the most famous communes but also make other ranges of wine.
The soil is warmer in HM and gravelly sites houses CS (50 percent) and Merlot (44 percent).

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6
Q

What are the four famous single communes in Haut- Medoc and how are those wines typically?

A

max yield of 57 hL per ha, only reds
Saint-Estephe, Pauillac, Saint-Julien and Margaux
Very good to outstanding quality.
Pronounced blackberry, green bell pepper (esp. cool vint), red plum and vanilla and cedar oak notes.
Medium-high alc, high tannins, medplus body.

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7
Q

Why is Saint-Estephe the coolest of the four premium LB communes? And how do the climate reflect in the wines?

A

It’s most northern and hence closest to the Atlantic Ocean. The wines become more rustic generally, but exceptions are softer wines with a high proportion of merlot.

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8
Q

What kind of Growths do Saint-Estephe have?

A

Second and famous Cru Bourgeois

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9
Q

How is the plantings in Saint Estephe and on what soils do the grapes thrive?

A

40 percent merlot, it can ripen successfully on the clay rich soils away from the estuary. These soils retain water, making the vineyards successful in dry vintages.
50 percent CS on gravel banks close to the Estuary.

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10
Q

How is the vineyards in Pauillac AOC planted and why?

A

62 percent CS on gravel banks close to estuary, enabling ripening in most years.

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11
Q

What can be said about the quality from Pauillac?

A

Three of the premier crus, but also 85 per cent cru classe wines which is the highest proportion in bordeaux.

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12
Q

How are the best quality wines from Pauillac?

A

Dominated with around 70-80 percent CS, the most structured on the LB. longevity. High tannins ang high acidity.

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13
Q

What is important to know about Saint-Julien?

A

Five second growths.
In between structured Pauillac and finesse in Margaux.
A lot of Cru Classe
Usually dominated by CS, mainly on homogenous gravel soils.

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14
Q

What do the Margaux Vineyards consist of quality wise?

A

Lot of Cru Classe and also one first growth.

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15
Q

How is the terroir in Margaux compared to say Pauillac and northern Medoc?

A

Warmer, about 7-10 days earlier ripening than medoc, a few days before Pauillac. Stony soils mixed with gravel also helps with the earlier ripening.
Slightly more merlot planted than CS.
Also clay soils, which need draining adding to costs

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16
Q

How are wines from Margaux described?

A

Finesse, perfume and silky tannins.

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17
Q

Talk a little bit about Listrac-Medoc and Moulis.

A

Further south than the famous LB four. Warmer climate, less moderate from the Esturary. less gravel. Earlier released wines that are good to very good and mid-priced to premium.

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18
Q

How are wines from Graves AOC?

A

Red or white with 58 or 55 hl per ha. 85 percent are red acceptable to good quality and mid-priced.

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19
Q

What are wines from graves supérieures aoc like?

A

Sweet late picked or botrytis.

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20
Q

Where is Pessac-Leognan AOC located?

A

Southern suburbs of Bordeaux city and is a sub-region within Graves AOC.

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21
Q

How is the terroir in Pessac-Leognan?

A

Moderating effect from Garonne and gravel soils.

22
Q

What is Pessac-Leognan mostly famous for?

A

The best white wine in Bordeaux. Often Barrel-fermented and aged whites or high quality reds.

23
Q

Mention notable classifications within Pessac-Leognan.

A

One first growth and all of the cru classes from the Graves classification.

24
Q

How is the proportion between reds and whites in Pessac-Leognan and what are the allowed max yields for each style?

A

80 percent red, 20 percent white. 54 hl per ha in both.

25
Q

How are red and white quality Pessac-Leognan?

A

Whites are blends with pronounced gooseberry, lemons, grapefruit with vanilla and clove oak notes. Medium to plus body and medium plus to high acidity and alcohol.
Reds like four most prestigeous Medoc communes.

26
Q

What is needed to know about Entre-deux-Mers AOC?

A

Second largest appellation ha-wise, producing only white wines. Reds from here are labeled Bordeaux AOC or supérieur. Max yield 65 hl per ha.
Wines with low flavour intensity that are acceptable to good in quality and inexpensive to mid-priced.

27
Q

What is typical about the right bank?

A

Small estates, dominance of merlot thanks to cool clay soils. Second CF, third CS

28
Q

Mention the three less famous sweet wines appellations and their max yields.

A

Sainte-croix-du-Mont AOC and Louplac AOC 40 hl
Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux AOC 45 hl.
Good to very good, inexpensive to mid-priced

29
Q

What is Lalande-de-Pomerol AOC?

A

The larger satellite appellation of Pomerol that allows slightly higher yields.

30
Q

What do Saint-Émilion and Saint-Émilion Grand Cru have in common and what separates them?

A

Same geographic area producing only red wine where Merlot dominates.
GC has lower yields 46 vs 53 and longer min maturation 20 months vs 6 months.

31
Q

What is the second most planted grape in Saint-Emilion AOC and GC?

A

CF

32
Q

What are the wines like in Saint-Emilion?

A

From simple early drinking to super premium in the GC classe.

33
Q

How does Saint-Emilion GC taste?

A

Pronounced red and black plum fruit with noticeable vanilla and clove new oak character, full body, high alc and med to high acidity and tannins.
Eg. high fruit concentration, acidity and tannins making the best samples very age able.

34
Q

What are the Saint-Emilion Satellites?

A

The four AOCs closest to SE but further away from the Dordogne. Similar rules as SE AOC. The two largest are Montagne SE AOC and Lussac-SE AOC.

35
Q

What is Cotes de Bordeaux and when was it created?

A

2009, a group of appellations on the right bank for red and white wine.

36
Q

How does the naming work for Cotes de Bordeaux and how does it affect max yields?

A

Many communes can add their name before like Cadillac or Blaye Cotes de Bordeaux. Yields differ between 55hl vs 52hl for commune name appended.

37
Q

What is Cotes de Bourg AOC and what is special about it?

A

An appellation on the RB excluded from Cotes de Bordeaux where Malbec is a focus and 10 percent of the plantings consists of the grape, the highest in all of Bordeaux.

38
Q

How are the plantings divided in Pomerol AOC?

A

80 percent merlot, second grape is CF

39
Q

What is special about Pomerol AOC?

A

No classification system but many top-quality estates. Good to outstanding and premium to super-premium and top wines are similar to SE GC

40
Q

What are the top commune appellations on the LB and the top appellations on the RB for red wines?

A

LB Pauillac, Saint-Estephe, Saint-Julien and Margaux,

RB Saint-Emilion GC and Pomerol AOC

41
Q

How small are the top estates in Pomerol vs in Left Bank communes and what effect does that have on pricing?

A

Petrus 12 ha vs 80-100 ha.

The world highest price per bottle. Pomerol premium to super premium for these estates.

42
Q

Mention the top appellations for sweet wine and where they are located.

A

Sauternes AOC and Barsac AOC, in Graves

43
Q

How are the plantings in Barsac and Sauternes?

A

80 percent semillon, then SB and tiny bit Muscadelle.

44
Q

Why is Botrytis possible in Sauternes and Barsac?

A

Because the cold Ciron and warmer Garonne meet, enabling morning mists and then dry and sunny afternoons.

45
Q

What are the ideal conditions for botrytis?

A

Morning mists that burn off by midday.

Sunny afternoons drying the grapes to avoid grey rot.

46
Q

What is the largest sweet wine appellation in bordeaux and how much production is done there?

A

Sauternes, about 50 percent

47
Q

How can wine from Barsac be labeled?

A

As Sauternes AOC or Barsac AOC.

48
Q

What are the maximum yields in Barsac and Sauternes?

A

25 hl per ha, usually never that high.

49
Q

How does a Sauternes or Barsac taste?

A

Pronounced citrus peel, honey, tropical fruit such as mango and vanilla oak notes. Full bodied, high alc and medium to med plus acidity and sweet finish.

50
Q

How are the price and quality for Barsac and sauternes?

A

Good to outstanding and mid-priced to super-premium.

51
Q

Why have producers started making dry white wines in sauternes?

A

Due to decrease in demand for sweet sauternes in the last 30 years. Then its labeled as Bordeaux AOC since Sauternes must taste sweet. No law regarding sugar lvl though. Wiki.

D3 (12 decks)

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