2.4 Aid

Question 1

Bottom up

Answer 1

Hydro micro schemes in Peru

• 44% of population live on less than $2 a day
• Steep slopes, poor roads, dispersed population
• Provision of electricity expensive
• Practical Action installed 50 micro hydro schemes, providing electricity to over 30,000 people paid by the community, government and charity
• Jobs are then made to manage and maintain the community
• Water diverted to a high point, dropped through a turbine - usually make less than 100kw but are low cost

Chambamontera - grows coffee and livestock. Scheme can produce 15kw of power for £34,000 - £2,000 funded by community

• 25 year lifespam
• Electricity available - when its cold
• Low maintenance
• Community labour and materials contributed
• 60 families life changing access to light homes, school and health centre

Question 2

Top down

Answer 2

Santo Antonio dam:

• 4 dams made, navigation channel, 3 motor ways and electricity lines
• Cost $5.3bn, produces 3,150MW
• Provides construction jobs
• Reliable water and electricity
• Low cost considering benefit to local industries and areas

Question 3

Advantages of San Antonio

Answer 3

• 20,000 jobs made
• 100,000 entered area
• Social support programmes
• $30m sewerage system
• Education and training centre
• Cheap electricity
• Waterway for barges made
• Soy crops increase 13%
• Infrastructure
• 8% of Brazil electricity
• Renewable power

Question 4

Disadvantages of San antonio

Answer 4

• 3,000 forced to leave homes
• Bolivia Flooded by Brazilian dams, conflict made, 500km2 flooded
• Too many migrants, straing on services and space
• $22bn cost
• $1tn of fishingn at risk, 2,400 jobs lost
• Reliance on HEP - 76%
• 12% of sediment held back by dam, blocking turbines.
• Deforestation in brazil - 80,000km2 into farmland losing animals and habitats

Question 5

Swaziland aid reliance

Answer 5

2/3 of 1.2m relied on donor food assistance.

• 1970-90 life expectancy rose from 48-61 but by 2012 back to 48
• Weakened by HIV/AIDs
• Food relief during emergency - farmers and agricultural production declined so when food aid lost, market and industry for produce declined.

Question 6

Greece

Answer 6

• 25% unemployed
• Prints money, cheaper currency so attractive tourism
• Policies in EU not good for greece as employment low
• Joined EU in 2001 - people lent to them however economy was weak - high budget deficit and debts higher than perceived - 13.9% budget deficit
• Rising labour costs, debt and 2008 affected Greece - less shipping and tourism
• Deficit not reinvested efficiently, rose and began to ask for high interest
• 110bn euro bailout
• EU bank bought Greek debts and gave banks Capital Loans
• This was mainly to avoid contagion in Eurozone, got loans from EU countries to pay back in the EU