Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science All Of Second Year > 24/25/26/28/29/30/31/32/36/37 > Flashcards

24/25/26/28/29/30/31/32/36/37 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What type of substance is sulfric acid

A

Corrosive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of acid is in car batteries?

A

Sulfric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of acid is in vinegar?

A

Acetic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of acid is in fizzy drinks?

A

Carbonic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of acid is in vitamin C?

A

Ascorbic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of acid is in the stomach?

A

Hydrochloric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of acid is in nettle and ant stings?

A

Formic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of acid is in lemons and grapefruits

A

Citric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of acid is in sour milk

A

Lactic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What effect does an acid have on litmus

A

Acids turn litmus from blue to red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What affect do bases have on litmus?

A

Bases turn litmus from red to blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What base does drain cleaner contain?

A

Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What base does indigestion tablets contain?

A

Magnesium hydroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What base does window cleaner contain?

A

Ammonia solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define indicator

A

An indicator shows by means of a colour change whether a substance is acidic or basic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a neutral substance

A

A substance that has no effect on litmus and therefore is neither an acid or a base (pH of 7)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Give two examples of indicators

A
  • litmus (paper/solution)

- methyl orange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the pH scale ?

A

The scale that measures the level of acidity or basicity of a substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Acids have a pH of …. ?

A

Less than 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Alkalis have a pH of …. ?

A

More than 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is an Alkali

A

A base that dissolves in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is used to measure the pH of a substance

A
  • pH sensor

- pH paper/universal indicator solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Give 3 examples of neutral substances

A
  • distilled water
  • blood
  • milk
  • saliva
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the composition of the air?

A

78% - nitrogen
21% - oxygen
1% - inert gases and carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are inert gases

A

Unreactive gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What two scientists discovered oxygen?

A
  • joseph priestly

- antoine lavoisier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the word equation for the preparation of oxygen?

A

Hydrogen peroxide + manganese dioxide ➡️ water + oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the chemical equation for the preparation of oxygen?

A

2H2O2 + Mn02 = 2H2O + O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the catalyst in the preparation of oxygen?

A

Manganese dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the reaction itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the physical properties of carbon dioxide?

A
  • colourless, odourless, tasteless gas
  • slightly soluble in water
  • slightly heavier than air
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the chemical properties of oxygen

A
  • supports combustion
  • reacts with most elements to form oxides
  • no effect on litmus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the uses of oxygen?

A
  • breathing
  • burning and welding
  • space rockets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the word equation for the preparation of carbon dioxide?

A

Calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid ➡️ calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the chemical equation for the preparation of carbon dioxide?

A

CaCO3 + 2HCl = CaCl2 + H20 + CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the physical properties of carbon dioxide?

A
  • colourless, odourless, tasteless gas
  • slightly soluble in water
  • denser than air
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the chemical properties of carbon dioxide?

A
  • does not support combustion
  • turns limewater milky
  • dissolves in water to form carbon acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the uses of carbon dioxide?

A
  • fizzy drinks
  • fire extinguishers
  • refrigeration
  • special effects on stage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Give two examples of common laboratory acids?

A

Hydrochloric acid - HCI

Sulfric acid - H2SO4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Give two examples of common laboratory bases?

A

Sodium Hydroxide - NaOH

Calcium hydroxide - Ca(OH)2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are strong acids?

A

Strong acids produce a lot of hydrogen ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is neutralisation?

A

When an acid reacts with a base to form a neutral substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is a salt?

A

A salt is formed when the hydrogen in an acid is replaced by a metal
Acid + base ➡️ Salt + Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Give an example of a salt?

A

Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide = sodium chloride (+water)

HCI + NaOH = NaCl + H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is titration?

A

The method of adding one solution from a burette to another solution in order to find out how much of the two solutions will just react with each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is a fuel?

A

Any substance that burns in oxygen to produce heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Give examples of fuels (solids, liquids, gases)

A

Solids: coal, turf, wood
Liquids: petrol, diesel, paraffin oil
Gases: methane

48
Q

How was coal formed?

A

Earth and rock compressing plant remains from millions of years ago

49
Q

How was oil and natural gas formed?

A

Pressure of the earth on decaying remains

50
Q

What are fossil fuels?

A

Fossil fuels are fuels that were formed from the remains of plant and animals that lived millions of years ago

51
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Fossil fuels contain hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon only

52
Q

What is produced when hydrocarbons are burned?

A

Water and Carbon Dioxide

53
Q

Fossil fuels + oxygen ➡️ ….

A

Fossil fuels + oxygen ➡️ carbon dioxide + water

54
Q

What is acid rain?

A

Rain with a pH of about 5.5

55
Q

How is acid rain made?

A

Sulfric and nitric acid dissolve in the rain

56
Q

What are the affects of acid rain?

A
  • destroys lakes, killing fish
  • harms trees
  • attacks stone and iron
57
Q

What is an atom?

A

An atom is the smallest particle of an element which still retains the properties of that element

58
Q

What is an electron?

A

An electron is sub-atomic particle of an atom with a negative charge. It is in the shell/orbit of the atom

59
Q

What is a proton?

A

An proton is sub-atomic particle of an atom with a positive charge. It is in the nucleus of the atom

60
Q

What is a neutron?

A

An proton is sub-atomic particle of an atom with no charge. It is in the nucleus of the atom

61
Q

What does a.m.u. Stand for?

A

Atomic mass unit

62
Q

Give the atomic mass unit for each of the sub atomic particles

A

Neutron : 1amu
Proton : 1amu
Electron : 1/1840 amu

63
Q

Which Scientist discovered the orbits/ shells of the atom?

A

Neils Bohr

64
Q

Define ‘atomic number’

A

The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons in the nucleus of that atom

65
Q

What is the mass number

A

Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons

66
Q

How is the number of neutrons found?

A

Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number

67
Q

What is the periodic table?

A

The periodic table is an arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic number

68
Q

What are the groups in the periodic table?

A
  • vertical columns
  • eight main groups
  • each group has similar chemical properties
  • same number of electrons in outer shell/orbit
69
Q

What are the periods in the periodic table?

A
  • horizontal rows
  • seven periods
  • labelled n=1, n=2 ect.
70
Q

List the groups of the periodic table

A 
Alkali metals 
Alkaline earth metals 
Transition metals 
Halogens
Noble (inert) gases
71
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

72
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Molecule is a group of atoms joined together. It is the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist independently

73
Q

Elements that have eight electrons in their outer shell are …. ?

A

Very unreactive

74
Q

State the octet rule?

A

When chemical bonding occurs, atoms try to have eight electrons in the outer orbit

75
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A covalent bond is a bond that consists of shared electrons

76
Q

What is a single covalent bond?

A

A single bond is formed when one pair of electrons is shared e.g the hydrogen molecule

77
Q

What is a double covalent bond?

A

A double covalent bond is formed when two pairs of electrons are shared

78
Q

What is an ion?

A

An ion is a charged atom or group of atoms

79
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

An ionic bond is the force of attraction between positive and negative ions in a compound eg sodium chloride

80
Q

What is the formula for sodium chloride?

A

NaCI

81
Q

What is the formula for magnesium oxide?

A

MgO

82
Q

What is the formula for Iron sulfide?

A

FeS

83
Q

What is the formula for calcium chloride?

A

CaCI2

84
Q

What is the formula for calcium carbonate?

A

CaCO3

85
Q

What is the formula for copper sulphate?

A

CuSO4

86
Q

What is the formula for manganese dioxide?

A

MnO2

87
Q

What is the formula for sodium hydroxide?

A

NaOH

88
Q

What is the formula for Calcium hydroxide?

A

Ca(OH)2

89
Q

What are the reactants?

A

Chemicals that react together in a chemical reaction

90
Q

What is the products?

A

The substance formed as a result of the chemical reaction

91
Q

What is a balanced equation?

A

A balanced equation is one in which the total number of atoms of each element on the left-hand side of the equation is equal to the total number of atoms on the right-hand side of the equation

92
Q

What is a force?

A

A force is something that causes an object to accelerate

93
Q

What is the unit of force?

A

Newton : N

94
Q

How can force be measured?

A

Using a spring balance or newton-meter

95
Q

What does weight do

A

Moves an object toward the centre of the earth

96
Q

Friction

A

Slows objects moving over each other

97
Q

Tension

A

Moves objects on pulleys or stops a body falling

98
Q

What is weight

A

The weight of an object is the force of gravity on it

Pull slightly stronger at poles
Pull on the moon 1/6 of on earth
Deep in space objects have no pull - weightless

99
Q

A) What is mass measured in

B) what is weight measured in

A

A) kilograms

B) newtons

100
Q

Weight vs mass

A

Weight in newtons = mass in kilograms (times 10)

101
Q

What is friction?

A

Friction is a force which opposes motion between two objects in contact

102
Q

What is a lubricant?

A

A substance which reduces friction eg oil in a car engine

103
Q

What happens an elastic when a force is put on them?

A

They change shape and when the force is removed they return to their original shape

104
Q

What is hookes law?

A

The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force that is stretching it

105
Q

What is work?

A

Work done = force ✖️ distance moved (joule)

106
Q

What is energy and what is it measured in?

A

Energy is the ability to do work (joule)

107
Q

What is power and what is it measured in

A

Power is the work done per unit time

Power = work done ➗ time taken

(Watt)

108
Q

How is the turning effect of a force increased?

A
  • by increasing the size of the force itself

- by increasing distance from the applied force to the fulcrum

109
Q

What is the moment of a force ?

A

Measure of the turning effect of a force

= (force) ✖️ (perpendicular distance from the force to the fulcrum)

110
Q

What is a lever?

A

A lever is any rigid body that is free to turn about a fixed point or axis called a fulcrum

111
Q

Give 5 examples of levers

A
  • scissors
  • light-switch
  • shovel
  • tap
  • oar
112
Q

State the law of the lever

A

When a lever is balanced by any number of forces, she sum of the clockwise moment acting on it is equal to the sum of the anticlockwise moment

113
Q

What is the centre of gravity

A

The centre of gravity of an object is the point through which the weight of the object appears to act

114
Q

What is ‘in equilibrium’?

A

An object that is balanced is said to be ‘in equilibrium’

115
Q

State factors which affect stability

A
  • a low centre of gravity helps stability

- a wide base helps stability

Science All Of Second Year (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions