2.4 Flashcards
What shape does a DNA molecule take on ?
Double Helix
What are genes ?
Genes are short lengths of DNA that code for a particular protein or characteristic
What are alleles?
Alleles are different forms of the same gene
E.g. there are different alleles for eye colour
What is the genome ?
The genome is the entire genetic makeup of an organism
What are chromosomes?
Chromosomes are genetic structures occurring in functional pairs in the nucleus of cells, except gametes and bacteria
What happens to the cells of an organism when it grows ?
When an organism grows, it’s cells divide
Where is most of the genome (genetic material) found ?
Most of the genome is found in the nucleus of the cell
What do large chromosomes contain more of than small chromosomes ?
Large chromosomes contain more genes than small chromosomes
What is the structure of DNA ?
- Has a phosphate and (sugar ( deoxyribose) backbone with interlinking bases to form a double helix.
- bases (adenine and thymine) (cytosine and guanine) which form the ‘rungs of the ladder’
- these are then formed into a structure known as a double helix
How are proteins made ?
Proteins are made up of many amino acids linked together
What is each sequence of three bases called ?
Each sequence of three bases is called a base triplet
What does each base triplet code for ?
Each base triplet codes for one amino acid
What does the order of the base triplets determine the order of ?
The order of the base triplets determines the order of the amino acids in the protein
What is different in every protein in the body
The sequence of amino acids
What happens if the amino acids are in a different order ?
Different combinations of amino acids make different proteins
Where are proteins made ?
Proteins are made in the cytoplasm
What is the process that makes protein called ?
Protein is made in the cytoplasm using a complex process called protein synthesis
What is mitosis ?
Mitosis is a form of cell division giving you 2 cells which allow an organism to grow, replace worn out cells and repair damaged tissue
What does mitosis result in ?
Mitosis results in the production of 2 identical daughter cells (clones) with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell i.e the diploid number of cells
