2.3.5 Urban growth of Bengaluru

Question 1

What are the 5 main themes regarding Bengaluru’s urban growth?

Answer 1

1. Political processes
2. Economic processes
3. Social Processes
4. Technological processes
5. Demographic processes

Question 2

General

India’s economic classification, GDP, and class numbers

Answer 2

• India is a LIC
• GDP/Capita: $2,500
• Large middle class, but 1 billion live in some degree of poverty

Question 3

General

India’s “___ ____”

Answer 3

India’s “Silicon Valley”: 2nd most important global tech hub (following the actual Silicon Valley

Question 4

Growth overview

In which sector has there been massive growth?

Answer 4

Tech sector & knowledge economy

Question 5

Growth: Overview

Why/what type of people move into Bengaluru?

Answer 5

New economic opportunities: Powerful pull for migration from countryside where mechanisation and little social mobility encourages people to go to the city.
- High AND low skilled workers are both attracted.

Question 6

1) Economic processes

Timeline (3 key years)

Answer 6

1970s: Indian government bought land for Electronics City.
1985: Texas Instruments first TNC
1990s: Rapid Expansion

Question 7

1) Economic Processes

How did the Indian government make Bengaluru attractive for FDI (Which stands for ___)

Answer 7

FDI = Foreign Direct Investment
- Low taxes,
- Relaxed (alcohol) licencing laws,
- No limit on currency conversions.

Question 8

1) Economic Processes

What steps has the government taken to manage the urban expansion?

Answer 8

• Schools
• Infastructure
• Transport
• Suburban housing

Question 9

1) Economic Processes

This is an example of partnership between which sectors?

Answer 9

PUBLIC and PRIVATE sectors

Question 10

2) Economic Processes

Is Bangaluru globally important?

Answer 10

Yes! Very much a part of the globalised modern economy.

Question 11

2) Economic Processes

Begaluru: progression of technological sector

Answer 11

FROM Assembling and call centres
TO Aeronautical, biotech (including Covid vaccines), electronics & defence

Question 12

2) Economic Processes

Is traditional manufacturing present?

Answer 12

YES. The informal sector & low-paid workers are a part of the chain: Tradional manufacturing, domestic.

Question 13

2) Economic Processes

Why is it important in India?

Answer 13

India’s largest job-creating city

Question 14

3) Social processes

Is there a social divide? If so, why?

Answer 14

There’s a growing social divide, in part due to the caste system

Question 15

3) Social processes

What is the effect of increasing jobs?

Answer 15

Rents pushed up by increased demand: Some residents forced to move away from centre eg Richmond Town

Question 16

3) Social processes

What does a movement away from the city centre cause for wealthier people?

Answer 16

Movement away from the city centre causes the development of seperate gated suburbs eg Indiranager

Question 17

3) Social processes

What does a movement away from the city centre cause for poorer people?

Answer 17

Growth of informal settlements: Majority without clean water or sanitation

Question 18

4) Technological processes

Is Bengaluru an example of a cycle?

Answer 18

YES- Positive feedback loop.
Bengaluru’s growth then caused more technological develpoment: A ‘virtuous circle’

Question 19

4) Technological processes

Labour force:

Answer 19

Educated, skilled, and 90% cheaper than London

Question 20

4) Technological processes

Is it stimulating growth for the future?

Answer 20

YES. 200+ engineering colleges and universities.

Question 21

4) Technological processes

Are TNCs investing? Does this have an impact on Bengaluru?

Answer 21

YES THEY ARE- Banking, finance, insurance, software
- Now moving up the value chain: Assembly then manufacture now cutting-edge design

Question 22

4) Technological processes

And have Bengaluru-based companies grown?

Answer 22

YES- Many have become TNCs eg Infosys

Question 23

5) Demographic processes

Population figures:

Answer 23

Poppulation DOUBLED from 2001 to 2005
6-12 MILLION

Question 24

5) Demographic processes

LIC/MIC urban growth due to:

Answer 24

1. Migration: From India’s countryside, other cities, & rest of world; and
2. Natural increase: Most migrants are of a child-bearing age.

Question 25

5) Demographic processes

Is Bengaluru a World City?

Answer 25

Noo
It is a megacity
But not a world city
However, it is globally important for tech.