23.5 Membrane Sacs Lie at the Cell Periphery of Alveolata

Question 1

what 3 supergroups have been shown to be closely related ?

Answer 1

1. alveolata
2. stramenopila
3. rhizaria

Question 2

what three important phyla does alveolata include?

Answer 2

1. the ciliophora (or ciliates)
2. the dinozoa (dinoflagellates)
3. the apicomplexa

Question 3

1. the ciliophora (or ciliates)

Answer 3

feed on bacteria and small algae

Question 4

2. the dinozoa (dinoflagellates)

Answer 4

known for,

• symbiotic relationships with reef-building corals
• production of harmful red tide blooms

Question 5

3. the apicomplexa

Answer 5

medically important group of parasites

Question 6

what is the Alveolata supergroup named for?

Answer 6

saclike, membranous versicles known as alveoli that are present at the cell periphery in all of the phyla

Question 7

secondary endosymbiosis

Answer 7

involves the acquisition by eukaryotic host cells of plastids from cells that contained primary plastids

Question 8

tertiary endosymbiosis

Answer 8

the acquisition by hosts of plastids from cells that possessed secondary plastids.

Question 9

primary endosymbiosis

Answer 9

the process of a eukaryotic host cell acquiring prokaryotic endosymbionts

Question 10

what do the plastids of red algae, green algae, and land plants

Answer 10

have an enclosing envelope composed of two membranes

Question 11

primary plastids

Answer 11

Originated via primary endosymbiosis

Question 12

during primary endosymbiosis, what occurs to cyanobacterial cells ?

Answer 12

heterotrophic host cells capture cyanobacteria via phagocytosis

(they do not digest them)

Question 13

what did endosymbiotic cyanobacteria provide host cells?

Answer 13

Photosynthetic capabilities and eventually evolved into primary plastids

Question 14

secondary plastids

Answer 14

originated by the process secondary endosymbiosis

Question 15

what does apicomplexa include?

Answer 15

includes the protist genus that causes malaria

Question 16

step #1 of plasomodium falciparum life cycle (malaria)

Answer 16

plasmodium sporozoites enter human blood by a mosquito bite

Question 17

step #2 of plasomodium falciparum life cycle (malaria)

Answer 17

sporozoites enter liver cells, where the merozoite stages o plasmodium form

Question 18

step #3 of plasomodium falciparum life cycle (malaria)

Answer 18

merozoites are released rom liver cells, enter red blood cells, and reproduce, causing red blood cells to burst

Question 19

step #4 of plasomodium falciparum life cycle (malaria)

Answer 19

merozoites continue to infect more red blood cells, causing cycles of chills and fever in the infected person

Question 20

step #5 of plasomodium falciparum life cycle (malaria)

Answer 20

some merozoites produce sexual structures called gametocytes, which can be taken up by a biting mosquito

Question 21

step #6 of plasomodium falciparum life cycle (malaria)

Answer 21

in mosquitos, gametocytes produce gametes that fuse to form a diploid zygote. in the gut, zygotes divide by meiosis to produce haploids sporozoites, which move to salivary glands of the mosquito