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Bio 364 Exam 3 Ch 23, 24, blood typing > 23.2 anat and histology of the resp system > Flashcards

23.2 anat and histology of the resp system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the resp system?

A

upper resp tract

lower resp tract

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2
Q

what structures are part of the upper resp tract?

A

nose, pharynx and associated structures

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3
Q

what structures are part of the lower resp tract?

A

larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and tubing within the lungs

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4
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the nose?

A

external nose

nasal cavity

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5
Q

what are the anterior and superior borders of the nasal cavity?

A

from external nares to choanae

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6
Q

where is the vestibule located?

A

just inside the nares

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7
Q

what is the inferior border of the nasal cavity?

A

hard palette

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8
Q

what is the partition dividing the nasal cavity?

A

nasal septum

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9
Q

describe the histology of the nasal septum

A

anterior is cartilage, posterior is bone

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10
Q

what bones make up the posterior portion of the nasal septum?

A

vomer and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

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11
Q

what are the nasal conchae?

A

boney ridges on the lateral walls with meatuses (tunnel or passageway) between

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12
Q

what are the meatuses between the conchae?

A

openings to paranasal sinues and to nasolacrimal duct

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13
Q

where do the paranasal sinues open?

A

between nasal conchae

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14
Q

where does the nasolacrimal duct open in the nasal cavity?

A

between nasal conchae

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15
Q

what are the 5 fn of the nasal cavity?

A 
passageway for air
cleans the air
warms and moistens air
smell
resonating chamber for vocalization (with the paranasal sinuses)
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16
Q

what is the pharynx?

A

common opening for digestive and respiratory systems

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17
Q

what is the common opening for digestive and respiratory systems?

A

the pharynx

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18
Q

what are the 3 regions of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
larngopharynx

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19
Q

what is the linig of the nasopharynx made of?

A

pseudostratified, ciliated, columnar epithelium with goblet cells

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20
Q

what happens to the mucous and debris that collects in the nasopharynx?

A

swallowed

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21
Q

where do the eustation tubes open?

A

nasopharynx

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22
Q

what is the inferior border of the nasopharynx?

A

soft palate

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23
Q

what is the posterior extention of the soft palate?

A

uvula

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24
Q

in which direction do the cilia of the nasopharynx beat?

A

downward (to swallow mucous and debris)

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25
Q

the oropharynx is a shared space for which two body systems?

A

digestive and resp

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26
Q

what is the lining of the oropharynx?

A

moist stratified squamous epithelium

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27
Q

name the cells lining the (1) nasopharynx, (2) oropharynx and (3) laryngopharyx

A

1) pseudostratified, ciliated, columnar epithelium with goblet cells
2) moist stratified squamous epithelium
3) moist stratified squamous epithelium

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28
Q

what are the 3 unpaired cartilages of the larynx?

A

thyroid
cricoid
epiglottis

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29
Q

which of the unpaired cartilages of the larynx are hyaline cartilage?

A

thyroid

cricoid

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30
Q

which of the unpaired cartilages of the larynx are elastic cartilage?

A

epiglottis

31
Q

what is the common name for the the prominence of the thyroid cartilage?

A

adam’s apple

32
Q

which of the unpaired cartilages of the larynx is the largest?

A

thyroid

33
Q

which of the unpaired cartilages of the larynx is the most inferior and makes up the base of the larynx?

A

cricoid

34
Q

to what is the epiglottic cartilage attached?

A

thyroid cartilage

35
Q

how many paired laryngeal cartilages are there?

A

3

36
Q

what are the 2 ligaments of the larynx?

A

vestibular folds

true vocal cords

37
Q

what are the false vocal cords?

A

vestibular folds: prevent food and liquids from entering larynx during swallowing

38
Q

what are the vocal folds?

A

true vocal cords: sound production and the opening between them is the glottis

39
Q

what is responsible for preventing food and liquids from entering larynx during swallowing?

A

vestibular folds

40
Q

what is responsible for sound production?

A

vocal cords

41
Q

what is the space between the vocal folds called?

A

glottis

42
Q

what are the 3 fn of the larynx?

A

maintain an open passageway for air mvmt
epiglottis and vestibular folds prevent swallowed material from moving into the larynx
vocal folds are primary source of sound production

43
Q

what maintains an open passageway for air movment?

A

thyroid and cricoid cartilage

44
Q

what is the histology of the trachea?

A

DRCT

smooth muscle

45
Q

what supports the trachea?

A

15-20 hyaline cartilage c-shaped rings (open posteriorly)

46
Q

tracheal cartilage is what type of cartilage?

A

hyaline

47
Q

what makes up the posterior surface of the trachea?

A

combination of elastic ligamentous membrane with bundles of smooth muscle

48
Q

what is the smooth muscle of the trachea called?

A

trachealis

49
Q

what cntx during coughing?

A

trachealis

50
Q

what is the inner lining of the trachea?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

51
Q

the trachea divides to form:

A

L & R primary (or main) bronchi

52
Q

what is the cartilage at the bifurcation of the trachea called?

A

carina

53
Q

beginning with the trachea, the resp passageways are called

A

the tracheobronchial tree

54
Q

why are the trachea to terminal bronchioles ciliated?

A

for removal of debris

55
Q

describe the branching of the trachiobronchial tree

A

trachea divide into 2 primary bronchi
primary bronchi divide into secondary or lobar bronchi
secondary bronchi divide into smaller bronchi then into bronchioles and finally into terminal bronchioles

56
Q

how many secondary bronchi are there for each lobe of the lungs?

A

one per lobe (hence “Lobar” bronchi)

57
Q

what is the fn of the cartilage in the trachiobronchial tree?

A

holds system open

58
Q

what is the fn of the smooth muscle in the trachiobronchial tree?

A

to cntx diameter of tubing (as in coughing)

59
Q

as tubes of trachiobronchial tree become smaller, the cartilage ________ and smooth muscle ________

A

decreases

increases

60
Q

describe the respiratory zone

A

respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs

61
Q

terminal bronchioles branch to form

A

respiratory bronchioles

62
Q

there are very few alveoli on the

A

respiratory bronchioles

63
Q

alveolar ducts are located between

A

respiratory bronchioles and alviolar sacs

64
Q

describe the distribution of alvioli

A

respiratory bronchioles have a few
alveolar ducts have more
alveolar sacs have 2-3 alveoli at the end

65
Q

there are no _______ in the respiratory zone but debris is removed by _______

A

cilia

macrophages

66
Q

what are the three types of cells in the respiratory membrane?

A 
type I pneumocytes
type II pneumocytes
dust cells (phagocytes)
67
Q

what are type I pneumocytes?

A

thin squamous epithelial cells

68
Q

what type of cell forms 90% of the surface of the alveoli?

A

type I pneumocytes

69
Q

what type of cell in the respiratory membrane is responsible for the gas exchange?

A

type I pneumocytes

70
Q

what are type II pneumocytes?

A

round to cube shaped secretory cells that produce surfactant

71
Q

what type of cell in the respiratory membrane is responsible surfactant production?

A

type II pneumocytes

72
Q

what do dust cells do in the respiratory membrane?

A

they are phagocytes for debris

73
Q

what are the layers of the resp membrane in order?

A

thin layer of fluid lining the alveolus
alveolar epithelium (simple squamous epithelium)
basement membrane of the alveolar epithelium
thin interstitial space
basement membrane of capillary endothelium
capillary endothelium (simple squamous epithelium)

74
Q

what contributes to recoil in the alveoli?

A

the tissue surrounding the alveolus contains elastic fibers

Bio 364 Exam 3 Ch 23, 24, blood typing (14 decks)

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