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Bio 364 Exam 3 Ch 23, 24, blood typing > 23.2 anat and histology of the resp system > Flashcards

23.2 anat and histology of the resp system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the resp system?

A

upper resp tract

lower resp tract

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2
Q

what structures are part of the upper resp tract?

A

nose, pharynx and associated structures

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3
Q

what structures are part of the lower resp tract?

A

larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and tubing within the lungs

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4
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the nose?

A

external nose

nasal cavity

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5
Q

what are the anterior and superior borders of the nasal cavity?

A

from external nares to choanae

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6
Q

where is the vestibule located?

A

just inside the nares

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7
Q

what is the inferior border of the nasal cavity?

A

hard palette

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8
Q

what is the partition dividing the nasal cavity?

A

nasal septum

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9
Q

describe the histology of the nasal septum

A

anterior is cartilage, posterior is bone

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10
Q

what bones make up the posterior portion of the nasal septum?

A

vomer and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

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11
Q

what are the nasal conchae?

A

boney ridges on the lateral walls with meatuses (tunnel or passageway) between

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12
Q

what are the meatuses between the conchae?

A

openings to paranasal sinues and to nasolacrimal duct

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13
Q

where do the paranasal sinues open?

A

between nasal conchae

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14
Q

where does the nasolacrimal duct open in the nasal cavity?

A

between nasal conchae

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15
Q

what are the 5 fn of the nasal cavity?

A 
passageway for air
cleans the air
warms and moistens air
smell
resonating chamber for vocalization (with the paranasal sinuses)
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16
Q

what is the pharynx?

A

common opening for digestive and respiratory systems

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17
Q

what is the common opening for digestive and respiratory systems?

A

the pharynx

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18
Q

what are the 3 regions of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
larngopharynx

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19
Q

what is the linig of the nasopharynx made of?

A

pseudostratified, ciliated, columnar epithelium with goblet cells

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20
Q

what happens to the mucous and debris that collects in the nasopharynx?

A

swallowed

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21
Q

where do the eustation tubes open?

A

nasopharynx

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22
Q

what is the inferior border of the nasopharynx?

A

soft palate

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23
Q

what is the posterior extention of the soft palate?

A

uvula

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24
Q

in which direction do the cilia of the nasopharynx beat?

A

downward (to swallow mucous and debris)

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25
the oropharynx is a shared space for which two body systems?
digestive and resp
26
what is the lining of the oropharynx?
moist stratified squamous epithelium
27
name the cells lining the (1) nasopharynx, (2) oropharynx and (3) laryngopharyx
1) pseudostratified, ciliated, columnar epithelium with goblet cells 2) moist stratified squamous epithelium 3) moist stratified squamous epithelium
28
what are the 3 unpaired cartilages of the larynx?
thyroid cricoid epiglottis
29
which of the unpaired cartilages of the larynx are hyaline cartilage?
thyroid | cricoid
30
which of the unpaired cartilages of the larynx are elastic cartilage?
epiglottis
31
what is the common name for the the prominence of the thyroid cartilage?
adam's apple
32
which of the unpaired cartilages of the larynx is the largest?
thyroid
33
which of the unpaired cartilages of the larynx is the most inferior and makes up the base of the larynx?
cricoid
34
to what is the epiglottic cartilage attached?
thyroid cartilage
35
how many paired laryngeal cartilages are there?
3
36
what are the 2 ligaments of the larynx?
vestibular folds | true vocal cords
37
what are the false vocal cords?
vestibular folds: prevent food and liquids from entering larynx during swallowing
38
what are the vocal folds?
true vocal cords: sound production and the opening between them is the glottis
39
what is responsible for preventing food and liquids from entering larynx during swallowing?
vestibular folds
40
what is responsible for sound production?
vocal cords
41
what is the space between the vocal folds called?
glottis
42
what are the 3 fn of the larynx?
maintain an open passageway for air mvmt epiglottis and vestibular folds prevent swallowed material from moving into the larynx vocal folds are primary source of sound production
43
what maintains an open passageway for air movment?
thyroid and cricoid cartilage
44
what is the histology of the trachea?
DRCT | smooth muscle
45
what supports the trachea?
15-20 hyaline cartilage c-shaped rings (open posteriorly)
46
tracheal cartilage is what type of cartilage?
hyaline
47
what makes up the posterior surface of the trachea?
combination of elastic ligamentous membrane with bundles of smooth muscle
48
what is the smooth muscle of the trachea called?
trachealis
49
what cntx during coughing?
trachealis
50
what is the inner lining of the trachea?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
51
the trachea divides to form:
L & R primary (or main) bronchi
52
what is the cartilage at the bifurcation of the trachea called?
carina
53
beginning with the trachea, the resp passageways are called
the tracheobronchial tree
54
why are the trachea to terminal bronchioles ciliated?
for removal of debris
55
describe the branching of the trachiobronchial tree
trachea divide into 2 primary bronchi primary bronchi divide into secondary or lobar bronchi secondary bronchi divide into smaller bronchi then into bronchioles and finally into terminal bronchioles
56
how many secondary bronchi are there for each lobe of the lungs?
one per lobe (hence "Lobar" bronchi)
57
what is the fn of the cartilage in the trachiobronchial tree?
holds system open
58
what is the fn of the smooth muscle in the trachiobronchial tree?
to cntx diameter of tubing (as in coughing)
59
as tubes of trachiobronchial tree become smaller, the cartilage ________ and smooth muscle ________
decreases | increases
60
describe the respiratory zone
respiratory bronchioles alveolar ducts alveolar sacs
61
terminal bronchioles branch to form
respiratory bronchioles
62
there are very few alveoli on the
respiratory bronchioles
63
alveolar ducts are located between
respiratory bronchioles and alviolar sacs
64
describe the distribution of alvioli
respiratory bronchioles have a few alveolar ducts have more alveolar sacs have 2-3 alveoli at the end
65
there are no _______ in the respiratory zone but debris is removed by _______
cilia | macrophages
66
what are the three types of cells in the respiratory membrane?
``` type I pneumocytes type II pneumocytes dust cells (phagocytes) ```
67
what are type I pneumocytes?
thin squamous epithelial cells
68
what type of cell forms 90% of the surface of the alveoli?
type I pneumocytes
69
what type of cell in the respiratory membrane is responsible for the gas exchange?
type I pneumocytes
70
what are type II pneumocytes?
round to cube shaped secretory cells that produce surfactant
71
what type of cell in the respiratory membrane is responsible surfactant production?
type II pneumocytes
72
what do dust cells do in the respiratory membrane?
they are phagocytes for debris
73
what are the layers of the resp membrane in order?
thin layer of fluid lining the alveolus alveolar epithelium (simple squamous epithelium) basement membrane of the alveolar epithelium thin interstitial space basement membrane of capillary endothelium capillary endothelium (simple squamous epithelium)
74
what contributes to recoil in the alveoli?
the tissue surrounding the alveolus contains elastic fibers

Bio 364 Exam 3 Ch 23, 24, blood typing (14 decks)

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