2.3.1 Acids Flashcards
how do strong acids dissociate in solution?
fully dissociate
example of a strong acid dissociating in water eg HCl
HCl (aq) → H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
In this case hydrogen ions are released, H+ (aq)
how do strong bases dissociate in solution?
fully dissociate
example of strong base dissociating in water eg NaOH
NaOH (aq) → Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
In this case hydroxide ions are released, OH- (aq)
what does dissociating fully mean?
100% of products will be ions
how will a weak acid dissociate in solution?
partially
what does partially dissociate mean?
only some of the products will be ions
what rate are the products in an equilibrium reaction formed?
at the same rate as the reactants are used
why are both reactants and products present in the solution in an equilibrium reaction?
because the products are formed at the same rate the reactants are used
how will a weak base dissociate in a solution?
partially like a weak acid
what is a neutralisation reaction?
one in which an acid (pH <7) and a base/alkali (pH >7) react together to form water (pH = 7) and a salt
what happens in a neutralisation?
BAWS
-the proton of the acid reacts with the hydroxide of the base to form water
-the spectator ions which are not involved in the formation of water, form the salt
what is acronym for neutralisation reaction?
BAWS
what does BAWS stand for?
base + acid → water and salt
how can the name of the salt produced in a neutralisation reaction be predicted?
from the acid that has reacted
predict the name of the salt produced in a neutralisation reaction with hydrochloric acid
a chloride
predict the name of the salt produced in a neutralisation reaction with nitric acid
nitrate
predict the name of the salt produced in a neutralisation reaction with sulphuric acid
sulfate
what are the products when you react a metal and acid?
salt and hydrogen
what is the acronym for a metal + acid reaction?
MASH
what does MASH stand for?
metal acid salt hydrogen
what does the extent of reaction in a MASH reaction depend on?
on the reactivity of the metal and the strength of the acid
do weaker or stronger acids react more vigorously with metals?
stronger
what is the equation for the reaction between metal oxide and acid?
metal oxide + acid → water + salt
what is the equation for the reaction between a metal hydroxide and acid?
metal hydroxide + acid → water and salt
what is the equation between a metal carbonate and acid?
metal carbonate + acid → salt + carbon dioxide + water
what is sulphuric acid formula?
H₂SO₄
what is the hydrochloric acid formula?
HCl
what is the nitric acid formula?
HNO₃
what is phosphoric acid formula?
H3PO4
what is ethanoic acid?
CH₃COOH
what is carbonate formula?
CO3^2-
