2.3 The Global Interstate System Flashcards
_________________in the early years of the 21st century has not displaced the state.
Globalization
Globalization in the early years of the ____________ has not displaced the state.
21st century
a German social theorist define state as a compulsory political organization with a centralized government that maintains a monopoly of the legitimate use of force within a certain territory
Max Weber
a 20th century international philosopher stated
that states are independent political communities each of which possesses a government and asserts sovereignty in relation to a particular portion of the earth’s surface and a particular segment of the human population
Hedley Bull
The term nation-state has a dual concept, with the modern
state going back to the Peace of Westphalia, and nationalism tracing back to Protestantism, the Enlightenment, the rise of the vernacular, with both concepts of nation and state fused in the French Revolution.
Nation –states are territorial
organizations characterized by the monopolization of legitimate violence (qua states)
while nation –states are membership associations with a collective identity and a
democratic pretension to rule (qua nation)
The term nation-state has a dual concept, with the modern
state going back to the Peace of Westphalia, and nationalism tracing back to Protestantism, the Enlightenment, the rise of the vernacular, with both concepts of nation and state fused in the ______________.
French Revolution
it is a territorial organization characterized by the monopolization of legitimate violence (qua states)
Nation –states
are membership associations with a collective identity and a
democratic pretension to rule (qua nation)
nation –states
The belief that globalization imposes a forced choice upon states either to
conform to free market principles or run the risk of being left behind is termed into a
phrase called “_______________” by Thomas Friedman
Golden Straitjacket
The belief that globalization imposes a forced choice upon states either to
conform to free market principles or run the risk of being left behind is termed into a
phrase called “Golden Straitjacket” by _________________
Thomas Friedman
a neoliberalism journalist and
advocate, to illustrate the forcing of states into policies that suit the preferences of
investment houses and corporate executives (Electronic Herd) who swiftly move money
and resources into countries favored as adaptable to the demands of international
business and withdraw even more rapidly from countries deemed uncompetitive
Thomas Friedman
is the intensification of the influence and dominance of capital. It
is the elevation of capitalism as a mode of production into an ethic, a set of political imperatives, and a cultural logic.
Neoliberalism
on the other hand is the power or national governments
to make decisions independently of those made by other governments
Economic sovereignty
It is a project to strengthen, restore, or, in some cases,
constitute anew the power of economic elites
Neoliberalism
It values market exchange as an ethic in
itself capable of acting as a guide to all human action and substituting for all previous
held ethical beliefs.
Neoliberalism
It emphasizes the significance of contractual relations in the
marketplace and also holds that the social good will be maximized by maximizing the reach and frequency market transactions, and it seeks to bring all human action into
domain of the market
Neoliberalism
four different concepts of sovereignty
International Legal Sovereignty
Westphalian Sovereignty
Interdependence Sovereignty
Domestic Sovereignty
It refers to the acceptance of a given state as a member of the
international community.
International Legal Sovereignty
It is based on the principle that one sovereign state should not interfere in the domestic arrangements of another.
Westphalian Sovereignty
It is the capacity and willingness to control flows of people, goods and capital into and out of the country.
Interdependence Sovereignty
It is the capacity of a state to choose and implement policies within the territory
Domestic Sovereignty
Global economic trends are influenced by ____________ of an individual member.
economic sovereignty
The most typical example is the increasingly extensive involvement of the world’s three leading financial institutions the _____________, the __________________ and the ___________________ in domestic economic affairs of their members.
World Bank (WB), International Momentary Fund (IMF) and World Trade Organization (WTO)
is the process of industrial, political, legal, economic, social and cultural integration of states wholly or partially in Europe. European integration has primarily come about through the European Union and its policies
European integration
is an international organization comprising 28 European countries and governing common economic, social, and security policies
European Union (EU),
In the early
21st century EU expanded into central and eastern Europe with the following members:
29 countries
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and
the United Kingdom
can be described as a process and a means by which a
group of countries strives to increase their level of welfare
Economic integration
It is an arrangement
between different regions that often includes the reduction or elimination of trade
barriers, and the coordination of monetary and fiscal policies
Economic integration
Seven Stages of Economic Integration
- Preferential trading area (PTA)
- Free trade area
- Customs union
- Common market
- Economic union
- Eonomic and monetary union
- Complete economic integration
happens when there’s an agreement on
reducing or eliminating tariff (tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports) barriers on selected goods imported from other members of countries within
the geographical region or areas.
Preferential Trade Areas (PTAs)
Preferential Trade Areas (PTAs) Agreement can either be
bilateral(between two
countries), or multi-lateral (several countries)
created when two or more countries in a region agree to reduce or eliminate barriers to trade on all goods coming from other members.
Free Trade Areas (FTAs)
is an example of such a free trade area, and includes the USA,
Canada, and Mexico
The North Atlantic Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA)
eliminate import tariffs as well as import quotas between signatory countries.
Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) or Preferential Trade Tgreements (PTAs)
Removal of tariff barriers between members, together with the acceptance of a common or unified external tariff against non-members is involved in the _______________.
Custom Union
One major step towards economic integration is______________________
Common Market (CM)
The trading bloc that has both a common market between members, and a common trade policy towards non-members, although members are free to pursue independent macro-economic policies is termed _____________.
Economic Union
The best example of Economic union is
European Union (EU).
As a key stage towards complete integration, the ______________________________________ involves a single economic market, a common trade policy, a single currency and a common monetary policy.
Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
involves the coordination of economic and fiscal policies, a
common monetary policy and a common currency, the euro
Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
a means to provide stability and for stronger, more sustainable and inclusive growth across the euro area and the EU as a whole for the sake of improving the lives of EU citizens
Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
is the final stage of economic integration in
which member states completely forego independence of both monetary and fiscal policies. States that participate in complete economic integration have no control of economic policy including economic trade rules.
Complete Economic Integration
refers to the integration of components within political systems; the integration of political systems with economic, social, and other human systems; and the political processes by which social, economic, and political systems become integrated
Political integration
This theory focuses on the supranational institutions of the EU of which the main driving forces of integration are interest group activity at the European and national levels, political party activity, and the role of governments and supranational institutions.
The European integration is mostly seen as an upper class- driven
Neo-functionalism
It is a theory of regional integration, building on the work of _____________, an American political scientist and Leon Lindberg, also an American political scientist.
Ernst B. Haas
she approach to European integration, which aimed at integrating individual sectors in hopes of achieving spill-over effects.
Jean Monnet’s
The core of neo-functionalism is the use
of the concept ‘_______________’, situations when an initial decision by governments to place a certain sector under the authority of central institutions creates pressures to extend the authority of the institutions into neighboring areas of policy, such as currency exchange rates, taxation, and wages.
spill –over
This theory provides a conceptual explanation of the European integration process.
Intergovernmentalism
This theory provides a conceptual explanation of the European integration process. The main concept of the Intergovernmentalism is emphasizing on the role of national states in the European integration; in another words it argues that “European
integration is driven by the interest and actions of nation states”. This theory was suggested by __________________
Stanley Hoffmann
The theory proposed the Logic of Diversity, which ‘set
limits to the degree which the ‘spill-over’ process can limit the freedom of action of the
governments…the logic of diversity implies that on vital issues, losses are not compensated by gains on other issues’
Intergovernmentalism
This a dominant political theory developed by Andrew Moravsik in 1993 to explain European integration.
Liberal Intergovernmentalism
This a dominant political theory developed by ________________ in 1993 to explain European integration.
Andrew Moravsik
This a dominant political theory developed by Andrew Moravsik in _______ to explain European integration.
1993
He stated that ‘state-society relations–the relationship of state to the domestic and transnational social context in which they are embedded–have a fundamental impact on state behavior in world politics and that the ‘universal condition of world politics is globalization
Andrew Moravsik
stated that the bargaining power of member states is important in the pursuit of integration, and package deals and side payments also occur in the process of making deals.
Liberal intergovermentalists
This theory emphasized the importance of institutions in the process of European integration. Its three key strands are: rational choice, sociological and historical.
New Institutionalism
This is a new theory of European integration. Writers Liesbet Hooghe and Gary Marks defined MLG as dispersion of authority across multiple levels of political governance. They stated that over the last fifty years, authority and sovereignty has moved away from national governments in Europe, not just to the supranational level
with the EU, but also to subnational levels such as regional assemblies and local authorities
Multi-level Governance (MLG)
they are the one that defined MLG as dispersion of authority across multiple levels of political governance
Liesbet Hooghe and Gary
Marks
can be defined as the mobilization of collective claims
by actors located in more than one country and/or addressing more than one national government and/or international governmental organization or another international
actor
Transnational activism
is a type of group action. It refers to the organizational
structures and strategies that may empower oppressed populations to mount effective challenges and resist the more powerful and advantaged elites”.
social movement
They are large, sometimes informal, groupings of individuals or organizations which focus on specific political or social issues. They carry out, resist, or undo a social change
social movement
A ________________ is a collective challenges to elites, authorities, other groups or cultural codes by people with common purposes and solidarity in sustained interactions with elites, opponents
and authorities
social movement
it describes the loose collection of individuals and
groups often referred to as a “movement of movements”, who advocate fair trade rules and are negative to current institutions of global economics such as the World Trade
Organization
global justice movement
_______________and ________________ perspective on globalization in also indicated in the term differentiating the movement
from those whose politics are based on a defense of conservative on national sovereignty as they identified opponents of globalization.
Anti- capitalist and universalist
is as multifaceted as the internationalism.
Although globalization and global neo-liberalism are frames around which many activists mobilize, the protests and organizations are not the product of a global imaginary but of domestically rooted activists who are the connective tissue of the global and the local, working as activators, brokers and advocates for claims both domestic and international
new transnational activism
is a computer-based technology that facilitates the sharing of ideas
and information and the building of virtual networks and communities.
Social media
