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3. Radiology > 2.3 - Radiation Safety Legislation > Flashcards

2.3 - Radiation Safety Legislation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 key regulations in radiology?

A

IRR - ionising radiation regulations 2017

IRMER - ionising radiation medical exposure regulations 2017n

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2
Q

What is dental x-ray exposure equivalent to?

A

1.5 days or less of natural background radiation exposure

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3
Q

What must all radiation exposures me?

A

Justified - must do more good than harm and must be benefit to individuals or society that outweighs risk of radiation exposure

Optimised - ALARP - as low as reasonably practicable - we can take excellent images but would require higher dose but we can still get a diagnostic image with lower dose

Limited - radiation dose limit to ensure no one gets unacceptable level of exposure

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4
Q

What does IRR17 deal with?

A

occupational exposures and exposure of general public (NOT TO DO WITH THE PT - ANYONE WHO WORKS WITH RADIATION AND GENERAL PUBLIC)

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5
Q

What does IRMER17 deal with?

A

pts

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6
Q

Describe IRR17

A

This is in place to deal with the exposure of staff and the general public (those in waiting room, staff)

employer is responsible for putting in place arrangements for compliance

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7
Q

What is an RPA?

A

Radiation protection advisors advise on how to meet radiation safety requirements and help to do risk assessments and design safe designated radiation areas

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8
Q

What must we consider in radiation area?

A

That adjacent areas are protected - may need controlled area, or if using CT or OPT units may need lead in the walls

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9
Q

What is a controlled area?

A

Designated radiation area defined around the equipment - no one should be in this zone whilst using the x-ray machine

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10
Q

What is the controlled area of intra-oral x-ray units?

A

1.5m from the X-ray tube

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11
Q

What is the controlled area for CBCT?

A

Whole room

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12
Q

If the entire room is a controlled area what must be present?

A

must be signage

set of local rules that sets out working instructions

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13
Q

What training must those operating x-ray units and working in or around controlled area receive?

A

basic radiation safety measure training

basic understandings of risks

awareness of regulations

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14
Q

What is the annual radiation dose limit for radiation works?

A

6mSV/yr

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15
Q

What is annual radiation dose for general public?

A

1mSv/yr

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16
Q

What does IRMER17 do?

A

It protects the pt and some other groups such as those undergoing exposure for research, health screening, asymptomatic individuals, carers

17
Q

What level of protection are carers given by IRMER?

A

Same as pts as they are knowingly and willingly exposed to ionising radiation through support and comfort of the pt undergoing the exposure

18
Q

What are the outlined duty holders in IRMER17?

A

referrer

practitioner

operator

employer

19
Q

Who is the referrer?

A

They are a registered HCP who provides medical info to the practitioner for justification for radiograph to be taken

20
Q

Who is the practitioner?

A

They are a registered HCP with adequate training who must justify and authorise each exam, ensure the dose is alarp

21
Q

How doe practitioner justify radiation dose?

A

They must consider the information from referral and why the exposure may be needed and then consider risks and benefits and any other techniques to reach diagnosis

22
Q

What must happen to a justified exposure?

A

It must then be authorised

23
Q

What role does the operator have?

A

They carry out practical aspects - take the x-rays

24
Q

Who is the employer?

A

Person who ensures that clinical evaluation fo each medical exposure is recorded

25
Q

What roles can the dentist have?

A

referror

practitioner

operaor

employer

26
Q

Describe the basic framework for radiograph?

A

Referral for image by referrer (ie dentist decides pt needs x-ray)

this referral must be justified by practitioner who can also authorise it

radiograph then taken by operator

image assessed and reported by operator

the image and report are provided to the referror

27
Q

Staff carrying out any role under IRMER must be what?

A

appropriately trained

deemed competent by employer

28
Q

What does IRMER require all doses to be?

A

optimised - this means that all doses must be ALARP

29
Q

How do we ensure x-ray dose is optimised?

A

Select approproate investigation

select appropriate equipment

use appropriate exposure factors

assess pt dose

30
Q

Why must we do regular quality assurance of radiation equipment?

A

To ensure its working fine and delivery expected dose level

31
Q

What are DLRs?

A

guideline dose levels for standard sized pts undergoing typical exams

3. Radiology (12 decks)

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