2.3 neoplasia

Question 1

neoplasia

Answer 1

new growth
unregulated
monoclonal
irreversible

Question 2

what is monoclonal

Answer 2

all the tumor cells originate from on mother cell clonality can be determined by androgen receptor isoforms and or G6PD

Question 3

how are monoclonal cells found

Answer 3

ex uterus of a female the ratio of g6pd A and B would only produce g6pd A or Only B, all tumor cells are from the mother cell.

Question 4

Another way to find clonality is through

Answer 4

B cells determined by Ig light chain phenotype

Question 5

lymph-node example

Answer 5

lymph node consists of immunoglobulin a 3:1 ratio of kappa to lambda. infection causes hyperplasia normally from infection. If the ratio is only kappa or only lambda than there is a problem.

Question 6

MELANOMA

Answer 6

Malignant

Question 7

oma

Answer 7

benign

Question 8

sarcoma carcinoma

Answer 8

malignant

Question 9

how many divisions of a cell need to occur for clinical symptoms to arise

Answer 9

30, every time a cancer divides there are a Increased mutation, lack of check on the cell.

Question 10

late clinical symptoms arising have more

Answer 10

mutations example pancreatic and ovarian, lungs usually have a worse prognosis.

Question 11

Goal of screening for cancer/tumor

Answer 11

1. catch dysplasia before cancer ex pap smear, looking for CIN1 CIN2 dysplasia, removal of layer
2. detect carcinoma before carcinoma before cancer arrives

Question 12

What are we looking for in a mammography

Answer 12

calcification of the the ducts,

Question 13

what are we looking for in the posterior periphery prostate

Answer 13

Digital rectal exam, checks for prostate slowness

Question 14

hemoccult test and colonoscopy

Answer 14

Checking for the adenoma carcinoma sequence, looking to remove adenoma,
Checks for adult blood in the stool hemocult.