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Beginner Spanish > 2.3 Lesson > Flashcards

2.3 Lesson Flashcards

The preterite (past) verb tense, "here" and "there" recap, and demonstrative adjectives

1
Q

What is the preterite tense in Spanish?

A

The preterite is one of two past tenses in Spanish. It is associated with a single action that is terminated and complete, rather than an action that was ongoing for a period of time.

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2
Q

Translate to Spanish.

I studied with my cousins

A

Estudié con mis primos

I studied - estudié

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3
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Do you think that I studied last night? Because I didn’t study

A

¿Piensas que estudié anoche? Porque no estudié

last night - anoche

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4
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Rodrigo, did you study with your girlfriend?

A

Rodrigo, ¿estudiaste con tu novia?

you studied - estudiaste

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5
Q

Translate to Spanish.

That is not true; María did not study with my sister. She studied with my cousin

A

Eso no es verdad; María no estudió con mi hermana. Estudió con mi primo

he/she studied - estudió

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6
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Since Raquel did not study yesterday, she is scared to take the test today

A

Como Raquel no estudió ayer, entonces tiene miedo de tomar el examen hoy

yesterday - ayer

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7
Q

Translate to Spanish.

What are you saying? We did study yesterday!

A

¿Qué dices? ¡Nosotros sí estudiamos ayer!

we studied - estudiamos

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8
Q

Translate to Spanish.

You (vosotros) did not study last night

A

Vosotros no estudiasteis anoche

you (vosotros) studied - estudiasteis

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9
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Maite and Ricardo studied for their art test

A

Maite y Ricardo estudiaron para su examen de arte

they, you (uds) studied - estudiaron

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10
Q

Translate to Spanish.

TO STUDY (Preterite Tense)

  • I studied
  • You studied
  • He/She studied
  • We studied
  • You studied
  • They studied
A

ESTUDIAR (Tiempo Pretérito)

  • Yo estudié
  • Tú estudiaste
  • Él/Ella/Ud estudió
  • Nosotros estudiamos
  • Vosotros estudiasteis
  • Ellos/Ellas/Uds estudiaron
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11
Q

What are the endings of regular - ar verbs (such as estudiar) conjugated in the preterite?

A

Regular Preterite -ar endings

  • -é (yo)
  • -aste (tú)
  • -ó (él, ella, usted)
  • -amos (nosotros)
  • -asteis (vosotros)
  • -aron (ellos, ellas)
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12
Q

Translate to Spanish.

I did not learn anything this year. Did you?

A

No aprendí nada este año, ¿y tú?

I learned - aprendí. Note that -í is the regular preterite ending for both -er and -ir verbs in the first person singluar form (yo)

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13
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Miguel, you didn’t learn anything in this class

A

Miguel, tú no aprendiste nada en esta clase

you learned - aprendiste

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14
Q

Translate to Spanish.

What did José learn from reading this book?

A

¿Qué aprendió José de leer este libro?

he/she learned - aprendió

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15
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Monica and I learned to drive yesterday

A

Monica y yo aprendimos a conducir ayer

we learned - aprendimos

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16
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Did you (vosotros) learn how to cook at home?

A

¿Aprendisteis a cocinar en casa?

you (vosotros) learned - aprendisteis

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17
Q

Translate to Spanish.

They say that they didn’t learn anything this year

A

Dicen que no aprendieron nada este año

they learned - aprendieron

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18
Q

Translate to Spanish.

TO LEARN (Preterite Tense)

  • I learned
  • You learned
  • He/She learned
  • We learned
  • You learned
  • They learned
A

APRENDER (Tiempo pretérito)

  • Yo aprendí
  • Tú aprendiste
  • Él/Ella/Ud aprendió
  • Nosotros aprendimos
  • Vosotros aprendisteis
  • Ellos/Ellas/Uds aprendieron
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19
Q

What are the endings of regular - er and -ir verbs (such as aprender) conjugated in the preterite?

A

Regular Preterite -er and -ir endings

  • -í (yo)
  • -iste (tú)
  • -ió (él, ella, usted)
  • -imos (nosotros)
  • -isteis (vosotros)
  • -ieron (ellos, ellas)
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20
Q

Translate to Spanish.

This is the last dessert that we have

A

Este es el último postre que tenemos

last - último. Note that último can be used as both an adjective and as an adverb

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21
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Did you learn anything last year?

A

¿Aprendiste algo el año pasado?

last year - el año pasado. Note that that you are literally saying “the year past”. This would apply whenever you are talking about time that has gone by, such as a year, a month, or a week: el año pasado, el mes pasado, or la semana pasada

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22
Q

Translate to Spanish.

I lived in Mexico last year

A

Yo viví en México el año pasado

I lived - viví. Note that vivir follows a regular -ir ending pattern of conjugation in the preterite

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23
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Marcos, did you live in a big house?

A

Marcos, ¿viviste en una casa grande?

you lived - viviste

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24
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Our professor lived in this building right here

A

Nuestro profesor vivió en este edificio aquí

he/she lived - vivió

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25
# Translate to Spanish. _We never lived_ in Spain; we lived in Mexico
_Nunca vivimos_ en España; vivimos en México ## Footnote we lived - *vivimos*
26
# Translate to Spanish. Alejandro says that _you_ (vosotros) _lived_ with your grandmother
Alejandro dice que _vosotros vivisteis_ con vuestra abuela ## Footnote you (vosotros) lived - *vivisteis*
27
# Translate to Spanish. _Did Pepe, Esperanza, and Xavier live_ there?
¿_Vivieron allí Pepe, Esperanza y Xavier_? ## Footnote they lived - *vivieron*
28
# Translate to Spanish. TO LIVE (Preterite Tense) * I lived * You lived * He/She lived * We lived * You lived * They lived
VIVIR (Tiempo Pretérito) * Yo viví * Tú viviste * Él/Ella/Ud vivió * Nosotros vivimos * Vosotros vivisteis * Ellos/Ellas/Uds vivieron ## Footnote Remember that the conjugation of regular *-ir* verbs in the preterite is the same as for *-er* verbs
29
# Translate to Spanish. Maricarmen never _cleaned_ the kitchen
Maricarmen nunca _limpió_ la cocina ## Footnote to clean - *limpiar*
30
# Translate to Spanish. We watched a _movie_ last night
Vimos una _película_ anoche ## Footnote movie - *la película*
31
# Translate to Spanish. The movie _ended_ at midnight
La película _terminó_ a medianoche ## Footnote to end - *terminar*
32
# Translate to Spanish. _I_ already _sent_ the letter
Ya _mandé_ la carta ## Footnote to send, to command - *mandar*. Remember that we can use both *enviar* and *mandar* to mean "to send"
33
# Translate to Spanish. You never sent the _email_
Nunca mandaste el _correo electrónico_ ## Footnote email - *el correo electrónico*. Note that *correo* also means regular "mail", and that some countries simply use the English word "email" in their Spanish conversation
34
# Translate to Spanish. _Did Jaime receive_ the email?
¿_Recibió Jaime_ el correo electrónico? ## Footnote Note that Spanish does not have an equivalent helping verb to the English word "Did". Instead, we simply begin the question with the conjugated verb, and place the subject directly after it
35
# Translate to Spanish. My sister's baby is _going to be born_ in three days
El bebé de mi hermana _va a nacer_ en tres días ## Footnote to be born - *nacer*
36
# Translate to Spanish. My grandmother was born _ninety-nine years ago_
Mi abuela nació _hace noventa y nueve años_ ## Footnote (length of time) ago - *hace (medida de tiempo)*
37
# Translate to Spanish. And the man came out _suddenly_
Y el hombre salió _de repente_ ## Footnote suddenly - *de repente*
38
# Translate to Spanish. The female students are _over here_ with us
Las estudiantes están _acá_ con nosotros ## Footnote over here - *acá*
39
What are the uses of *aquí*, *acá*, *allí*, and *allá*?
* **aquí, acá --\>**"here". The variation in meaning depends on the country * **allí --\>**"there" and means that something is less near * **allá --\>**"over there" and means that something is farther
40
# Translate to Spanish. I do not want that orange; I want _that one_ that is way over there
No quiero esa naranja; quiero _aquella_ que está allá ## Footnote that one - *aquel*. Note that *aquel* expresses that the object is far away. Also note that the plural for *aquel* is *aquellos*
41
What is the meaning of *este*, *esta*, *esto* and their respective plural forms?
* **este --\>** masculine for "this"; **estos--\>** masculine plural for "these" * **esta --\>** feminine for "this"; **estas --\>** feminine plural for "these" * **esto --\>** gender neutral for "this" and is never followed by a noun * **éste --\>** masculine for "this one"; **éstos --\>** masculine plural for "these ones". They are never followed by a noun * **ésta --\>** feminine for "this one"; **éstas --\>** feminine plural for "these ones". They are never followed by a noun
42
What is the meaning of *ese*, *esa*, *eso* and their respective plural forms?
* **ese --\>** masculine for "that"; **esos --\>** masculine plural for "those" * **esa --\>** feminine for "that" ; **esas --\>** feminine plural for "those" * **eso --\>** gender neutral for "that" and is never followed by a noun
43
What is the meaning of *aquel*, *aquella*, *aquello* and their respective plural forms?
* **aquel --\>** masculine for "that one over there"; **aquellos --\>** masculine plural for "those over there" * **aquella --\>** feminine for "that one over there"; **aquellas --\>** feminine plural for "those over there" * **aquello --\>** gender neutral for "that over there" and is never followed by a noun
44
# Translate to Spanish. _I was_ a good student
_Yo fui_ un buen estudiante ## Footnote I was - *fui*. Note that *fui* is the irregular preterite form of *ser* ("to be") in the first person singular (*yo*). Also note that *fui* indicates that at one time you were a good student. If you mean to say that you "used to be" a good student during a protracted amount of time, you would use the imperfect tense, which we will learn later.
45
# Translate to Spanish. _You were_ Marta's friend, but you're not her friend anymore
_Fuiste_ amigo de Marta, pero ahora ya no eres su amigo ## Footnote you were - *fuiste*
46
# Translate to Spanish. _Pamela was_ an art teacher
_Pamela fue_ maestra de arte ## Footnote he/she was - *fue*
47
# Translate to Spanish. _Jaime and I were_ best friends
_Jaime y yo fuimos_ mejores amigos ## Footnote we were - *fuimos*
48
# Translate to Spanish. _You_ (vosotras) _were_ beautiful
_Vosotras fuisteis_ guapas ## Footnote you (vosotros/as) were - *fuisteis*
49
# Translate to Spanish. TO BE (*ser*, Preterite Tense) * I was * You were * He/She was * We were * You were * They were
SER (Tiempo Pretérito) * Yo **fu**i * Tú **fu**iste * Él/Ella/Ud **fue** * Nosotros **fu**imos * Vosotros **fu**isteis * Ellos/Ellas/Uds **fueron** ## Footnote Note that the conjugations for *ser* in the preterite tense are irregular and are conjugated the same as they are for *ir*
50
# Translate to Spanish. TO GO (Preterite Tense) * I went * You went * He/She went * We went * You went * They went
IR (Tiempo Pretérito) * Yo **fu**i * Tú **fu**iste * Él/Ella/Ud **fue** * Nosotros **fu**imos * Vosotros **fu**isteis * Ellos/Ellas/Uds **fueron** ## Footnote Remember that the conjugations for *ir* in the preterite tense are irregular and are the same as they are for *ser*
51
# Translate to Spanish. _I went_ to the restaurant with my aunt and uncle
_Fui_ al restaurante con mis tíos ## Footnote I went - *fui*. Note that the irregular preterite forms of *ir* are exactly the same as they are for *ser*
52
# Translate to Spanish. José, _did you go_ to school yesterday?
José, ¿_fuiste_ a la escuela ayer? ## Footnote you went - *fuiste*
53
# Translate to Spanish. _Paloma did not go_ to the beach last week
_Paloma no fue_ a la playa la semana pasada ## Footnote he/she went - *fue*
54
# Translate to Spanish. Our grandmother is sick; therefore _we didn't go_ to her house on Sunday
Nuestra abuela está enferma, entonces _no fuimos_ a su casa el domingo ## Footnote we went - *fuimos*
55
# Translate to Spanish. _Did you_ (vosotros) _go_ to art class at noon?
¿_Fuisteis_ a la clase de arte a mediodía? ## Footnote you (vosotros) went - *fuisteis*
56
# Translate to Spanish. _They didn't go_ to swim; they went to eat
_Ellos no fueron_ a nadar; fueron a comer ## Footnote they went - *fueron*
57
# Translate to Spanish. They say she left with Marcos. _I_ don't believe _it_
Dicen que se fue con Marcos. No _lo_ creo _yo_ ## Footnote While in English, placing spoken emphasis on the subject ("**I** don't believe it") is enough to convey semantic emphasis, in Spanish we emphasize the subject by placing it after the verb
58
# Translate to Spanish. _I was_ in Pepe's house all afternoon
_Estuve_ en casa de Pepe toda la tarde ## Footnote I was - *estuve*. Note that in the preterite tense, *estar* follows an irregular conjugation pattern
59
# Translate to Spanish. _Were you_ in the kitchen? Because someone cooked my chicken
¿_Estuviste_ en la cocina? Porque alguién cocinó mi pollo ## Footnote you were - *estuviste*
60
# Translate to Spanish. _Fernanda was_ not with Marcos; _she was_ with Maite
_Fernanda_ no _estuvo_ con Marcos; _estuvo_ con Maite ## Footnote he/she was - *estuvo*
61
# Translate to Spanish. Mauricio walked from here _up to_ over there
Mauricio caminó desde aquí _hasta_ allá ## Footnote until, to, up to - *hasta*
62
# Translate to Spanish. They went up to the Atlantic _coast_
Fueron hasta la _costa_ del Atlántico ## Footnote coast - *la costa*
63
# Translate to Spanish. Thanks for coming Mauricio. I'll _see you later_!
Gracias por venir Mauricio, y ¡_hasta luego_! ## Footnote see you later - *hasta luego*. This literally means "until later"
64
# Translate to Spanish. Valentina and her mom are never _in agreement_
Valentina y su mamá nunca están _de acuerdo_ ## Footnote in agreement - *de acuerdo*
65
# Translate to Spanish. _Alright_ mom, I will come home early
De acuerdo mamá, voy a volver a casa temprano OR _Está bien_ mamá . . . ## Footnote alright - *está bien, de acuerdo*
66
# Translate to Spanish. Alright, I will go with you to Marta's house on Friday night. _See you soon_!
Está bien, voy a ir contigo a la casa de Marta el viernes por la noche. ¡_Hasta pronto_! ## Footnote see you soon - *hasta pronto*
67
# Translate to Spanish. _See you tomorrow_ Carlos!
¡_Hasta mañana_ Carlos! ## Footnote see you tomorrow - *hasta mañana*
68
# Translate to Spanish. _Even_ the chef is hungry
_Hasta_ el cocinero tiene hambre ## Footnote Note that the word *hasta* loosely translates to the English word "even" in this case. Think of it as, "[Everyone], up to the chef, is hungry"
69
# Translate to Spanish. _We were_ with Ana from five in the afternoon until dawn. What a crazy night!
_Estuvimos_ con Ana desde las cinco de la tarde hasta la madrugada. ¡Qué noche tan loca! ## Footnote we were - *estuvimos*
70
# Translate to Spanish. TO BE (*estar*, Preterite) * I was * You were * He/She was * We were * You were * They were
ESTAR (Tiempo Pretérito) * Yo est**uve** * Tú est**uviste** * Él/Ella/Ud est**uvo** * Nosotros est**uvimos** * Vosotros est**uvisteis** * Ellos/Ellas/Uds est**uvieron** ## Footnote Remember that the conjugations for *estar* in the preterite tense are irregular
71
# Translate to Spanish. _I didn't do_ that, it was Miguel
_Yo no hice_ eso, fue Miguel ## Footnote I did/made - *hice*. Note that *hice* is the irregular preterite form of *hacer* in the first person singular. All preterite forms of *hacer* are irregular
72
# Translate to Spanish. _You did_ all of this for your girlfriend? You are such a good boyfriend!
¿_Hiciste_ todo esto para tu novia? ¡Eres un novio tan bueno! ## Footnote you did/made - *hiciste*
73
# Translate to Spanish. _Linda did not do_ her homework, and now she wants to go out. What are we going to do with her?
_Linda no hizo_ su tarea y ahora quiere salir. ¿Qué vamos a hacer con ella? ## Footnote he/she did/made - *hizo*
74
# Translate to Spanish. _We didn't make_ anything for dinner and now we are very hungry
_No hicimos_ nada de cenar y ahora tenemos mucha hambre ## Footnote we did/made - *hicimos*
75
# Translate to Spanish. Marcos is not Silvia's boyfriend _anymore_
Marcos _ya no_ es novio de Silvia ## Footnote not anymore - *ya no*
76
# Translate to Spanish. What _did you_ (vosotros) _do_? I can't deal with you anymore!
¿Qué _hicisteis_? ¡Ya no puedo más con vosotros! ## Footnote you (vosotros) did/made - *hicisteis*
77
# Translate to Spanish. _They did_ their homework until ten at night, but they finished.
_Hicieron_ su tarea hasta las diez de la noche, pero ya terminaron ## Footnote they did/made - *hicieron*
78
# Translate to Spanish. TO DO/MAKE (Preterite) * I made * You made * He/She made * We made * You made * They made
Hacer (Tiempo Pretérito) * Yo **hic**e * Tú **hic**iste * Él/Ella/Ud **hizo** * Nosotros **hic**imos * Vosotros **hic**isteis * Ellos/Ellas/Uds **hic**ieron ## Footnote Remember that the conjugations for *hacer* in the preterite tense are irregular
79
# Translate to Spanish. _I had_ a dream last night
_Tuve_ un sueño anoche ## Footnote I had - *tuve*. Note that *tuve* is the irregular preterite form of *tener* in the first person singular. All the preterite forms of *tener* are irregular
80
# Translate to Spanish. _Did you have_ to go to the beach with your family this weekend?
¿_Tuviste_ que ir a la playa con tu familia este fín de semana? ## Footnote you had (to) - *tuviste (que)*
81
# Translate to Spanish. Do you know if _Margarita had_ to read all of those books for today?
¿Sabes si _Margarita tuvo_ que leer todos esos libros para hoy? ## Footnote he/she had (to) - *tuvo (que)*
82
# Translate to Spanish. This time, _we_ only _had_ two hours to finish the exam
Esta vez sólo _tuvimos_ dos horas para terminar el examen ## Footnote we had - *tuvimos*
83
# Translate to Spanish. Do you know if Mariana _finished_ making lunch?
¿Sabes si Mariana ya _terminó de_ hacer el almuerzo? ## Footnote to finish - *terminar de*. Note that when *terminar* goes before the verb, you must add *de* after the verb, *terminar* + *de* + infinitive
84
# Translate to Spanish. I know that _Esperanza and Raquel had_ to do a lot of things, but I think that they already finished
Sé que _Esperanza y Raquel tuvieron_ que hacer muchas cosas, pero creo que ya terminaron ## Footnote they had - *tuvieron*
85
# Translate to Spanish. TO HAVE (Preterite Tense) * I had * You had * He/She had * We had * You had * They had
TENER (Tiempo Pretérito) * Yo **tuve** * Tú **tuv**iste * Él/Ella/Ud **tuvo** * Nosotros **tuv**imos * Vosotros **tuv**isteis * Ellos/Ellas/Uds **tuv**ieron ## Footnote Remember that the conjugations for *tener* in the preterite tense are irregular
86
# Translate to Spanish. _I_ never _knew_ that she went out at five
Nunca _supe_ que ella salió a las cinco ## Footnote I knew - *supe*. Note that *supe* is the irregular preterite form of *saber* in the first person singular. All preterite forms of *saber* are irregular
87
# Translate to Spanish. _You didn't know_ (preterite) that Mariana was here yesterday?
¿_No supiste_ que Mariana estuvo aquí ayer? ## Footnote you knew - *supiste*
88
# Translate to Spanish. We are not going to _enter_ because I am afraid of the house
No vamos a _entrar_ porque tengo miedo de la casa ## Footnote to enter - *entrar*
89
# Translate to Spanish. _We didn't know_ how to get to your house yesterday
Ayer _no supimos_ como llegar a tu casa ## Footnote we knew - *supimos*
90
# Translate to Spanish. _Did you_ (vosotros) _know_ how to cook the meat?
¿_Supisteis_ como cocinar la carne? ## Footnote you (vosotros) knew - *supisteis*
91
# Translate to Spanish. _Maricarmen and Eduardo_ never _knew_ that I know your brother
_Maricarmen y Eduardo_ nunca _supieron_ que yo conozco a tu hermano ## Footnote they knew - *supieron*
92
# Translate to Spanish. TO KNOW (Preterite) * I knew * You knew * He/She knew * We knew * You knew * They knew
SABER (Tiempo Pretérito) * Yo **supe** * Tú **sup**iste * Él/Ella/Ud **supo** * Nosotros **sup**imos * Vosotros **sup**isteis * Ellos/Ellas/Uds **sup**ieron ## Footnote Remember that the conjugations for *saber* in the preterite tense are irregular
93
# Translate to Spanish. _Poor Miguel_, he never knew why Sandra didn't want to be his girlfriend
_Pobre Miguel_, nunca supo por qué Sandra no quiso ser su novia ## Footnote poor (unfortunate) - *pobre*. If *pobre* is used before the noun, it means "unfortunate". If used after the noun, it means "without money"
94
# Translate to Spanish. Beautiful _people_ are not always very interesting
La _gente_ bella no siempre es muy interesante ## Footnote people - *la gente*. Note that in Spanish, the word *gente* is treated like a singular noun, and verbs are conjugated accordingly
95
# Translate to Spanish. The _poor_ people from here don't have money to buy food
La gente _pobre_ de aquí no tiene dinero para comprar comida ## Footnote poor (without money) - *pobre*. If pobre is used before the noun, it means "unfortunate". If used after the noun, it means "without money"
96
# Translate to Spanish. I can't believe that _you spent all of your money_ on me
No puedo creer que _gastaste todo tu dinero_ en mí ## Footnote to spend (money) - *gastar*
97
# Translate to Spanish. _I spent three hours_ at the hospital
_Pasé tres horas_ en el hospital ## Footnote to spend (time) - *pasar*
98
# Translate to Spanish. There is so much _poverty_ in the world
Hay tanta _pobreza_ en el mundo ## Footnote poverty - *la pobreza*
99
# Translate to Spanish. In this _world_ there are a lot of poor people
En este _mundo_ hay mucha gente pobre ## Footnote world - *el mundo*
100
# Translate to Spanish. Those _people_ are angry because of so much poverty
Esas _personas_ están enojadas a causa de tanta pobreza ## Footnote people (individuals) - *las personas (f)*. The word *personas* is used instead of *gente* when emphasizing their individualilty. *Gente* is used more to refer to collective groups
101
# Translate to Spanish. Sofía _calls_ her boyfriend every day
Sofía _llama_ a su novio todos los días ## Footnote to call - *llamar*
102
# Translate to Spanish. _I couldn't_ go out because I didn't do my homework
_No pude_ salir porque no hice mi tarea ## Footnote I could - *pude*. Note that *pude* is the preterite of *poder* and that *poder* can also be translated as "to be able to"
103
# Translate to Spanish. _Were you able_ to go to the museum yesterday?
¿_Pudiste_ ir al museo ayer? ## Footnote you could - *pudiste*
104
# Translate to Spanish. Do you (uds) know if _María was able_ to go to the beach with Alejandro?
¿Saben si _María pudo_ ir a la playa con Alejandro? ## Footnote he/she could - *pudo*
105
# Translate to Spanish. _We couldn't_ call on time. We are sorry
_No pudimos_ llamar a tiempo. Lo sentimos ## Footnote we could - *pudimos*
106
# Translate to Spanish. _You_ (vosotros) _were not able_ to go, right?
_Vosotros no pudisteis_ ir, ¿verdad? ## Footnote you (vosotros) could - *pudisteis*
107
# Translate to Spanish. _They were not able_ to travel to Spain, and now they are sad
_Ellos no pudieron_ viajar a España, y ahora están tristes ## Footnote they could - *pudieron*
108
# Translate to Spanish. TO BE ABLE TO (Preterite) * I could * You could * He/She could * We could * You could * They could
PODER (Tiempo Pretérito) * Yo **pude** * Tú **pud**iste * Él/Ella/Ud **pudo** * Nosotros **pud**imos * Vosotros **pud**isteis * Ellos/Ellas/Uds **pud**ieron ## Footnote Remember that the conjugations for *poder* in the preterite tense are irregular

Beginner Spanish (24 decks)

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