2.3 FLOWS OF ENERGY AND MATTER

Question 1

Non-living, physical factors that influence the organisms and ecosystems

Answer 1

Abiotic Factors

Question 2

The interactions between the organisms

Answer 2

Biotic Factors

Question 3

The conversion of organic matter into carbon dioxide and water in all living organisms, releasing energy

Answer 3

Respiration

Question 4

carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen

Answer 4

Photosynthesis

Question 5

Typically plants or algae that produce their own food using photosynthesis

Answer 5

Producers

Question 6

Organisms that cannot make their own food eat other organisms to obtain energy and matter

Answer 6

Consumers

Question 7

Organisms that feed on the dead biomass created by the ecosystem

Answer 7

Decomposers

Question 8

The conversion of energy into biomass for a given period of time

Answer 8

Productivity

Question 9

Calculated by subtracting respiratory losses from gross primary productivity

Answer 9

Net Primary Productivity (NPP)

Question 10

The total energy or biomass assimilated by consumers and is calculated by subtracting the mass of fecal loss from the mass of food consumed

Answer 10

Gross Secondary Productivity (GSP)

Question 11

Calculated by subtracting respiratory losses from GSP

Answer 11

Net Secondary Productivity (NSP)

Question 12

Include the Carbon cycle, the Nitrogen cycle, and the Phosphorus cycle : required by plants and animals for energy, growth, development, repair or maintenance

Answer 12

Nutrient Cycles

Question 13

The organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back again

Answer 13

Carbon Cycle

Question 14

The transfer of nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil, to living organisms, and back to the atmosphere

Answer 14

Nitrogen Cycle

Question 15

A process by which nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, become highly concentrated in a body of water, leading to increased growth of organisms such as algae or cyanobacteria

Answer 15

Eutrophication

Question 16

A measure of the total dry mass of organisms within a particular region

Answer 16

biomass

Question 17

A nutrient cycle (or ecological recycling) is the movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter back into the production of living matter. The process is regulated by food web pathways that decompose matter into mineral nutrients. Nutrient cycles occur within ecosystems

Answer 17

matter cycles

Question 18

transforms biomass into carbon dioxide and water

Answer 18

combustion

Question 19

transforms organic matter in dead organisms into fossil fuels

Answer 19

fossilization

Question 20

Bacteria that can use nitrogen in soil to make nitrogen compounds

Answer 20

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

Question 21

Convert the ammonium ion into nitrates

Answer 21

Nitrifying bacteria

Question 22

Bacteria that convert the nitrates in soil or water to gaseous nitrogen and release it back into the atmosphere

Answer 22

Denitrifying bacteria