2.3 - Energy & Waste Flashcards
The amount of energy in foood is measured in calories.
Calorie
The amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1 C.
Calorie
Releases energy from the processed food.
Digestive system
The parts of food used used by the body to grow and survive.
Nutrients
5 examples of nutrients
Proteins, fats, carbohydrates (carbs), vitamins, and minerals
The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use.
Digestion
The 4 steps of digestion.
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.
When you chew, mash, and grind food with your teeth and toungue.
Mechanical digestion
Breaks down pieces of food into small molecules.
Chemical digestion
When you put food, such as bread, into your mouth.
Ingestion
An enzyme, in your mouth, that helps break down carbohydrates (carbs).
Saliva
A muscular tube that connnects to the mouth stomach.
Esophagus
Food moves through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract by waves of muscle contractions.
Peristalsis
A large, hollow, organ that stores food.
Stomach
An adult stomach can hold about _______ of food and liquid.
2 Liters
Enable the stomach to expand and hold hold large amounts of food.
The folds on the inner walls
The cellls in these folds produce chemicals that help break down ________.
Proteins
This stomach fluid makes the stomach acidic.
Gastric juice
An enzyme that helps break down the proteins in foods into amino acids.
Pepsin
A long tube that is connected to the stomach.
Small intestine
Fingerlike projections that cover the folds on the small intestines.
Villi
Nutrients enter the blood through blood vessels in this digestive system.
Small intestine
Also known as the colon.
Large intestine
It is about 1.5m (5 ft) long. It has a larger diameter (about 5 cm or 2 in) than the small intestine.
Large intestine
