2.3 - Energy & Waste Flashcards
The amount of energy in food
Calorie
The amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 C
Calorie
Releases the energy from processed food
Your digestive system
The parts of food used by the body to grow and survive
Nutrients
5 examples of nutrients
Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals
The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use.
Digestion
The 4 steps of digestion
ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination
When you claw, mash, and grind food with your teeth and tongue
Mechanical digestion
Breaks down pieces of food into small molecules.
Chemical digestion
When you put food, such as bread, into your mouth
Ingestion
An enzyme, in your mouth, that helps break down carbohydrates
Saliva
A muscular tube that connects mouth to stomach
Esophagus
Food moves through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract by waves of muscle contractions
Peristalsis
A large, hollow organ that stores food
Stomach
An adult stomach can hold about _______________ of food and liquid
2 liters
Enable the stomach to expand and hold large amounts of food
The folds on the inner walls
The cells in these folds produce chemicals that help break down ____________
Proteins
This stomach fluid makes the stomach acidic
Gastric juice
An enzyme that helps break down the proteins in foods into amino acids
Pepsin
A long tube that is connected to the stomach. it is about 7 m (23 ft ) long
Small intestine
Fingerlike projections that covers the folds of the small intestine
Villi
Nutrients enter the blood through blood vessels in this digestive organ
Small intestine
Also known as, the colon
Large intestine
Is about 1.5m ( 5 ft ) long. it has a diameter ( about 5 cm or 2 in ) than the small intestine
Large intestine
Where water is absorbed, leaving behind semisolid waste
Large intestine
The last section of the large intestine, about 8 inches long
Rectum
The final opening or “exit door” of the digestive system
Anus
The semisolid waste that is ready to leave the digestive system
Feces
Removes liquid waste from the body
Urinary System
Bean-shaped organs that filter, or remove, waste from blood
Kidneys
Ureters from the kidneys deliver liquid waste to this organ that is like water
Bladder
Liquid waste leaves the body from this small tube
Urethra
