2.3 Energy & waste Flashcards
when you put food, such as bread into your mouth.
ingestion
where does mechanical and chemical digestion begin?
your mouth
The amount of energy in food is measured in calories.
calorie
the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1o c.
calorie
releases the energy from the processed food.
your digestive system
the parts of food used by the body to grow and survive.
nutrients
example of nutrients
proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals
the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use.
digestion
the 4 steps of digestion
ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.
when you chew, mash, and grind food with your teeth and tongue.
mechanical digestion
break down pieces of food into small molecules.
chemical digestion
an enzyme, in your mouth, that helps break down carbohydrates.
saliva
a muscular tube that connects the mouth.
esophagus
food moves through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract by waves of muscle contractions.
peristalsis
a large, hollow organ that stores food.
stomach
an adult stomach can hold about of food and liquid.
2 liters
enable the stomach to expand and hold large amounts of food .
the folds on the inner walls
the cells in these folds produce chemicals that help break down .
proteins
this stomach fluid makes the stomach acidic.
gastric juice
an enzyme that helps break down the proteins in food into amino acids.
pepsin
a long lube that is connected to the stomach. it is about 7 m (23 ft) long.
small intestine
fingerlike projections that cover the folds of the small intestine.
villi
nutrients enter the blood through blood vessels in this digestive organ.
small intestine
also known as, the colon.
large intestine
