2.3 Energy & waste

Question 1

when you put food, such as bread into your mouth.

Answer 1

ingestion

Question 2

where does mechanical and chemical digestion begin?

Answer 2

your mouth

Question 3

The amount of energy in food is measured in calories.

Answer 3

calorie

Question 4

the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1o c.

Answer 4

calorie

Question 5

releases the energy from the processed food.

Answer 5

your digestive system

Question 6

the parts of food used by the body to grow and survive.

Answer 6

nutrients

Question 7

example of nutrients

Answer 7

proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals

Question 8

the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use.

Answer 8

digestion

Question 9

the 4 steps of digestion

Answer 9

ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.

Question 10

when you chew, mash, and grind food with your teeth and tongue.

Answer 10

mechanical digestion

Question 11

break down pieces of food into small molecules.

Answer 11

chemical digestion

Question 12

an enzyme, in your mouth, that helps break down carbohydrates.

Answer 12

saliva

Question 13

a muscular tube that connects the mouth.

Answer 13

esophagus

Question 14

food moves through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract by waves of muscle contractions.

Answer 14

peristalsis

Question 15

a large, hollow organ that stores food.

Answer 15

stomach

Question 16

an adult stomach can hold about of food and liquid.

Answer 16

2 liters

Question 17

enable the stomach to expand and hold large amounts of food .

Answer 17

the folds on the inner walls

Question 18

the cells in these folds produce chemicals that help break down .

Answer 18

proteins

Question 19

this stomach fluid makes the stomach acidic.

Answer 19

gastric juice

Question 20

an enzyme that helps break down the proteins in food into amino acids.

Answer 20

pepsin

Question 21

a long lube that is connected to the stomach. it is about 7 m (23 ft) long.

Answer 21

small intestine

Question 22

fingerlike projections that cover the folds of the small intestine.

Answer 22

villi

Question 23

nutrients enter the blood through blood vessels in this digestive organ.

Answer 23

small intestine

Question 24

also known as, the colon.

Answer 24

large intestine

Question 25

is about 1.5 m (5 ft) long. it has a larger diameter (about 5 cm or 2 in) than the small intestine.

Answer 25

large intestine

Question 26

where water is absorbed, leaving behind semisolid waste.

Answer 26

large intestine

Question 27

the last section of the large intestine, about 8 inches long.

Answer 27

rectum

Question 28

the final opening or “exit door” of the digestive system.

Answer 28

anus

Question 29

the semisolid waste that is ready to leave the digestive system.

Answer 29

feces

Question 30

removes liquid waste from the body

Answer 30

urinary system

Question 31

beanshaped organs that filter, or remove, waste from blood.

Answer 31

kidneys

Question 32

ureters from the kidneys deliver liquid waste to this organ that is like a water balloon.

Answer 32

bladder

Question 33

liquid waste leaves the body from this small tube this is connected to the bladder.

Answer 33

urethra