2.3 energy & waste Flashcards
the amount of food is measured in Calories
calorie
the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 degree
calorie
releases the energy from the processed food
your digestive system
the parts of food used by the body to grow and survive
nutrients
examples of nutrients
proteins, fats. carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals
the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use
digestion
the 4 steps of digestion
ingestion, digestion absorption, and elimination.
when you chew,mash, and grind food with your teeth and tongue.
mechanical digestion
breaks down pieces of food into small molecules
chemical digestion
when you put food, such as bread, into your mouth
ingestion
an enzyme in your mouth, that helps break down carbohydrates.
saliva
a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
esophagus
food moves through the esophagus and rest in the digestive tract by waves of muscle contractions
peristalsis
a large, hollow organ that stores food
stomach
adult stomach can hold ________ of food and liquid
2 liters
enable the stomach to expand and hold large amounts of food
the folds on the inner walls
the cells in these folds produce chemicals that help break down __________
proteins
this stomach fluid makes the stomach acidic
gastric juice
an enzyme that helps break down the proteins in foods into amino acids
pepsin
a long tube that is connected to the stomach. it is about 7m ( 23ft ) long.
small intestine
finger like projections that cover the folds of the small intestine.
villi
nutrients enter the blood through blood vessels in the digestive organ
small intestine
also known as, the colon
large intestine
is about 1.5m (5 ft ) long.it has a larger diameter ( about 5cm or 2 in ) then the small intestine.
large intestine
where water is absorbed, leaving behind semisolid waste
large intestine
the last section of the large intestine, about 8 inches long.
rectum
the final opening or”exit door” of the digestive system
anus
the semisolid waste that is ready to leave the digestive system
feces
removes liquid waste from the body.
urinary system
bean shaped organs that filter or remove, waste from blood
kidneys
ureters from the kidneys deliver liquid waste to this organ that is like a water balloon
bladder
liquid waste leaves the body from a small this small tube that is connected to the badder
urethra
