2.3 - Energy & Waste Flashcards
When you put food, such as bread, into your mouth:
Ingestion
The amount of energy in food is measured in Calories:
Calorie
The amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 degree C:
Calorie
Releases the energy from the processed food:
Your digestive system
The parts of food used by the body to grow and survive:
Nutrients
5 examples of Nutrients:
Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals
The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use:
Digestion
The 4 steps of digestion:
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination
When you chew, mash, and grind food with your teeth and tongue:
Mechanical Digestion
Break down pieces of food into small molecules:
Chemical Digestion
An enzyme, in your mouth, that helps break down carbohydrates:
Saliva
A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach:
Esophagus
Food moves through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract by waves of muscle contractions:
Peristalsis
A large, hollow organ that stores food:
Stomach
An adult stomach can hold about __________ of food and liquid
2 liters
Enable the stomach to expand and hold large amounts of food:
The folds on the inner walls
The cells in these folds produce chemicals that help break down….?
Proteins
This stomach fluid makes the stomach acidic:
Gastric Juice
An enzyme that helps break down the proteins in foods into amino acids:
Pepsin
A long tube that is connected to the stomach. It is about 7 m (23 ft) long:
Small intestine
Fingerlike projections that cover the folds of the small intestine:
Villi
Nutrients enter the blood through blood vessels in this digestive organ:
Small intestine
Also known as the colon
Large intestine
Is about 1.5 m (5 ft) long. It has a larger diameter (about 5 cm or 2 in) than the small intestine:
Large intestine
