2.3 - energy & waste

Question 1

when you put food such as bread into your mouth

Answer 1

Ingestion

Question 2

The amount of energy in food is measured in

Answer 2

Calories

Question 3

The amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 C

Answer 3

Calories

Question 4

Releases the energy from processed food

Answer 4

your digestive system

Question 5

the parts of food used by the body to grow and survive

Answer 5

Nutrients

Question 6

5 examples of nutrients

Answer 6

proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals

Question 7

the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use

Answer 7

Digestion

Question 8

the 4 steps of digestion

Answer 8

ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination

Question 9

when you chew, mash, and grind food with your teeth and tongue

Answer 9

mechanical digestion

Question 10

break down pieces of food into small molecules

Answer 10

chemical digestion

Question 11

an enzyme in your mouth, that helps break down carbohydrates

Answer 11

saliva

Question 12

a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

Answer 12

esophagus

Question 13

food moves through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract by waves of muscle contractions

Answer 13

peristalsis

Question 14

a large hallow organ that stores food

Answer 14

stomach

Question 15

an adult stomach can hold about_______of food and liquid

Answer 15

2 liters

Question 16

enable the stomach to expand and hold large amounts of food

Answer 16

the folds on the inner walls

Question 17

the cells in these folds produce chemicals that help break down ____________.

Answer 17

protiens

Question 18

this stomach fluid makes the stomach acid

Answer 18

Gastric juice

Question 19

an enzyme that helps break down the proteins in foods into amino acids

Answer 19

pepsin

Question 20

a long tube that is connected to the stomach. it is about 7 m (23 feet) long.

Answer 20

small intestine

Question 21

finger like projections that cover the folds of the small intestine

Answer 21

villi

Question 22

nutrients enter the blood through blood vessels in this digestive organ

Answer 22

small intestine

Question 23

also known as the colon

Answer 23

large intestine

Question 24

is about 1.5 m (5 feet) long it has a larger diameter (about 5 cm or 2 in) than the small intsestine

Answer 24

large intestine

Question 25

where water is absorbed leaving behind semisolid waste.

Answer 25

large intestine

Question 26

the last section of the large intestine about 8 inches long

Answer 26

rectum

Question 27

the final opening or ‘‘exit door’’ of the digestive system

Answer 27

anus

Question 28

the semisolid waste that is ready to leave the digestive system

Answer 28

feces

Question 29

removes liquid waste from the body

Answer 29

urinary system

Question 30

bean shaped organs that filter, or remove, waste from blood

Answer 30

kidneys

Question 31

Ureters from the kidneys deliver liquid waste to this organ that is like a water balloon.

Answer 31

bladder

Question 32

liquid waste leaves the body from this small tube that is connected to the

Answer 32

urethra