2.3 - Energy & Waste

Question 1

The amount of energy in food is measured in Calories.

Answer 1

Calorie

Question 2

the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 C.

Answer 2

Calorie

Question 3

Releases the energy from processed food.

Answer 3

Your digestive system

Question 4

the parts of food used by the body to grow and survive.

Answer 4

Nutrients

Question 5

5 Examples of Nutrients

Answer 5

Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals

Question 6

the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use.

Answer 6

Digestion

Question 7

The 4 steps of digestion.

Answer 7

ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.

Question 8

when you chew, mash, and grind food with your teeth and tongue.

Answer 8

Mechanical Digestion

Question 9

break down pieces of food into small molecules.

Answer 9

Chemical Digestion

Question 10

when you put food, such as bread, into your mouth.

Answer 10

Ingestion

Question 11

an enzyme, in your mouth, that helps break down carbohydrates.

Answer 11

Saliva

Question 12

A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

Answer 12

Esophagus

Question 13

Food moves through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract by waves of muscle contractions.

Answer 13

Peristalsis

Question 14

a large, hollow organ that stores food.

Answer 14

Stomach

Question 15

An adult stomach can hold about ___________ of food and liquid

Answer 15

2 Liters

Question 16

Enable the stomach to expand and hold large amounts of food.

Answer 16

The folds on the inner walls

Question 17

The cells in these folds produce chemicals that help break down ___________.

Answer 17

Proteins

Question 18

This stomach fluid makes the stomach acidic.

Answer 18

Gastric Juice

Question 19

an enzyme that helps break down the proteins in foods into amino acids.

Answer 19

Pepsin

Question 20

a long tube connected to the stomach. It is about 7 m (23 ft) long.

Answer 20

Small Intestine

Question 21

fingerlike projections that cover the folds of the small intestine.

Answer 21

Villi

Question 22

Nutrients enter the blood through blood vessels in this digestive organ.

Answer 22

Small Intestine

Question 23

Also known as, the colon.

Answer 23

Large Intestine

Question 24

is about 1.5 m (5 ft) long. It has a larger diameter (about 5 cm or 2 in) than the small intestine.

Answer 24

Large Intestine

Question 25

Where water is absorbed, leaving behind semisolid waste.

Answer 25

Large Intestine

Question 26

The last section of the large intestine, about 8 inches long.

Answer 26

Rectum

Question 27

The final opening or “exit door” of the digestive system.

Answer 27

Anus

Question 28

The semisolid waste that is ready to leave the digestive system.

Answer 28

Feces

Question 29

Removes liquid waste from the body.

Answer 29

Urinary System

Question 30

beanshaped organs that filter, or remove, waste from blood.

Answer 30

Kidneys

Question 31

Ureters from the kidneys deliver liquid waste to this organ that is like a water balloon.

Answer 31

Bladder

Question 32

Liquid waste leaves the body from this small tube that is connected to the bladder.

Answer 32

Urethra