2.3 - Energy & Waste Flashcards
Your body’s way of telling you that it needs food.
Hunger
The amount of energy in food is measured by
_______.
Calories
The amount of energy it takes to raise the temp of 1kg of water by 1C.
Calorie
Releases the energy from processed food.
Your digestive system.
The parts of food used by the body to grow and survive.
Nutrients.
5 examples of nutrients.
Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.
The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use.
Digestion.
The 4 steps of digestion.
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.
When you chew, mash, and grind food with your teeth and tongue.
Mechanical digestion.
Break down pieces of small food into molecules
Chemical digestion.
When you put food such as bread, into your mouth.
Ingestion.
An enzyme, in your mouth, that helps break down carbohydrates.
Saliva.
A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
Esophagus.
Food moves through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract by waves of muscle contractions.
Peristalsis.
A large, hollow organ that stores food.
Stomach.
An adult stomach can hold about _________________ of food and liquid.
2 liters.
Enable stomach to expand and hold large amounts of food.
The folds on the inner walls.
The cells in these folds produce chemicals that help break down _____________.
Proteins.
The stomach fluid makes the stomach acidic.
Gastric juice.
An enzyme that helps break down proteins in foods into amino acids.
Pepsin.
A long tube that is connected to the stomach. It is about 7 m (23 ft) long.
Small intestine.
Finger-like projections that cover the folds of the small intestine.
Villi.
Nutrients enter the blood through blood vessels in this digestive organ.
Small intestine.
Also known as, the colon.
Large intestine.
