2.3 energy and waste Flashcards
when you food in your mouth
INGESTION
when does mechanical and chemical digestion begin
your mouth
the amount of energy in food is measured in calories.
calorie
the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1kg of water 1c
calorie
releases the energy from the processed food
your digestive system
the part of food used by the body to grow and survive
nutrients
examples of nutrients
proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals
the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use
digestion
the 4 steps of digestion
ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination
when you chew, mash, and grind food with teeth and tongue
mechanical digestion
break down pieces of food
chemical digestion
when you put food such as bread, into your mouth
ingestion
an enzyme in your mouth that break down carbohydrates
saliva
a muscular tube to your mouth to stomach
esophagus
food moves through the esophagus
peristalsis
a large, hollow organ that stores food
stomach
an adult stomach can hold about 2 ___ of food
2 liters
enable the stomach to expand
the folds on the inner walls
the cells in these folds produce chemicals that help break down _________.
proteins
this stomach fluid
gastric juice
an enzyme that help break down the proteins
pepsin
the tube is 7m and 23 feet long
small intestine
fingerlike projections that cover the folds
villi
nutrients enter the blood
small intestine
