2.3 Energy and Waste Flashcards
The amount of energy in food is measured in Calories.
Calorie
The amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1 degree C.
Calorie
Releases energy from the processed food.
Digestive System
The parts of food used by the body to grow and survive
Nutrients
5 Examples of Nutrients
Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals.
The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use
Digestion
The 4 steps of digestion
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.
When you chew, mash, and grind food with your teeth and tongue.
Mechanical Digestion
Break down pieces of food into small molecules
Chemical Digestion
When you put food, such as bread, into your mouth
Ingestion
An enzyme, in your mouth, that helps break down carbohydrates
Saliva
A tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
Esophagus
Food moves through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract by waves of muscle contractions.
Peristalsis
A large, hollow organ that stores food
Stomach
An adult stomach can hold about _______ of food and liquid
2 liters
Enables the stomach to expand and hold large amounts of food.
The fold on the inner walls
The cells in these folds produce chemicals that help break down ______
Proteins
The fluid that makes stomach acidic
Gastric juice
An enzyme that helps break down the proteins in foods into amino acids.
Pepsin
A long tube that is connected to the stomach (About 23 ft long)
Small Intestine
Fingerlike projections that cover the folds of the small intestine
Villi
Nutrients enter blood through blood vessels in the digestive organ
Small intestine
Also known as the colin.
Large Intestine
About 5ft long, has a larger diameter (about 5 cm.) then the small intestine
Large Intestine
