2.3- Energy and waste Flashcards

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1
Q

The amount of energy in food is measured in Calories.

A

Calorie

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2
Q

The amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1C

A

Calorie

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3
Q

Releases the energy from the processed food.

A

Your digestive system

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4
Q

The parts of food used by the body to grow and survive.

A

Nutrients

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5
Q

5 Examples of Nutrients

A

Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals

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6
Q

The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use.

A

Digestion

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7
Q

The 4 steps of digestion.

A

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination

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8
Q

When you chew, mash, and grind food with your teeth and tongue.

A

Mechanical Digestion

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9
Q

Break down pieces of food into small molecules.

A

Chemical Digestion

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10
Q

When you put food, such as bread, into your mouth.

A

ingestion

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11
Q

An enzyme, in your mouth, that helps break down carbohydrates.

A

Saliva

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12
Q

A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

A

Esophagus

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13
Q

Food moves through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract by waves of muscle contractions.

A

Peristalsis

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14
Q

A large, hollow organ that stores food.

A

Stomach

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15
Q

An adult stomach can hold about ________ of food and liquid.

A

2 liters

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16
Q

Enable the stomach to expand and hold large amounts of food.

A

The folds on the inner walls

17
Q

The cells in these folds produce chemicals that help break down ___________.

A

Proteins

18
Q

This stomach fluid makes the stomach acidic.

A

Gastric juice

19
Q

An enzyme that helps break down the proteins in foods into amino acids.

A

Pepsin

20
Q

A long tube that is connected to the stomach. It is about 7 m (23 ft) long.

A

Small intestine

21
Q

Finger-like projections that cover the folds of the small intestine.

A

Villi

22
Q

Nutrients enter the blood through blood vessels in this digestive organ.

A

Small intestine

23
Q

Also known as, the colon.

A

Large intestine

24
Q

Is about 1.5 m (5 ft) long. It has larger diameter (about 5 cm or 2 in) than the small intestine.

A

Large intestine

25
Q

Where water is absorbed, leaving behind semisolid waste.

A

Large intestine

26
Q

The last section of the large intestine, about 8 inches long.

A

Rectum

27
Q

The final opening or “exit door” of the digestive system.

A

Anus

28
Q

The semisolid waste that is ready to leave the digestive system.

A

Feces

29
Q

Removes liquid waste from the body.

A

Urinary system

30
Q

Bean-shaped organs that filter, or remove, waste from blood.

A

Kidneys

31
Q

Ureters from the kidneys deliver liquid waste to this organ.

A

Bladder

32
Q

Liquid waste leaves the body from this small tube.

A

Urethra