2.3 energy and waste Flashcards
the amount of energy in food is measured in calories
calorie
the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1’c.
calorie
releases the energy from the processed food
your digestive system
the parts of food used by the body to grow and survive
nutrients
5 examples of nutrients
proteins fats carbohydrates vitamins and minerals
the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use
digestion
the 4 steps of digestion
ingestion digestion absorption and elimination
when you chew mash and grind food with your teeth and tongue
mechanical digestion
break down pieces of food into small molecules
chemical digestion
when you put food such asbread into your mouth
ingestion
an enzyme your mouth that helps break down carbohydrates
saliva
a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
esophagus
food moves through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract by waves of muscle contractions
peristalsis
a large hollow organ that stores foods
stomach
an adult stomach can hold about __________of food and liquid
2 liters
enable the stomach to expand and hold large amounts of food
the folds on the inner walls
fluid make the stomach the cells in these folds produce chemicals the help break down
proteins
the stomach fluid makes the stomach acidic
gastric juice
an enzyme that helps break down the proteins in foods into amino
pepsin
a long tube that is connected to the stomach it is 7m 23ft long
small inestine
