2.3 energy and waste Flashcards
when you put food in your mouth
ingestion
the amount of energy in food is measured in calories
calorie
the amount it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 C
calorie
releases the energy from the processed food
your digestive system
the parts of food used by the body to grow and survive
nutrients
5 examples of nutrients
proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals
the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use
digestion
the 4 steps of digestion
ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination
when you chew, mash, and grind food with your teeth and tongue
mechanical digestion
break down pieces of food into small molecules
mechanical digestion
when you put food, such as bread, into your mouth
ingestion
an enzyme, in your mouth, that helps break down carbohydrates
saliva
a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
esophagus
food moves through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract by waves of muscles contractions
peristalsis
a large, hollow organ that stores food
stomach
an adult stomach can hold about ____ of food and liquid
2 liters
enable the stomach to expand and hold large amounts of food
the folds on the inner walls
the cells in these folds produce chemicals that help break down ______ .
proteins
this stomach fluid makes the stomach acidic
gastric juice
an enzyme that helps breaks down the proteins in foods into amino acids
pepsin
a long tube that is connected to the stomach. it is about 7 m (23 ft) long
small intestine
fingerlike projections that cover the folds of the small intestine
villi
nutrients enter the blood through blood vessels in this digestive organ
small intestine
also known as, the colon
large intestine
