2.3 energy and waste

Question 1

when you put food in your mouth

Answer 1

ingestion

Question 1

the amount of energy in food is measured in calories

Answer 1

calorie

Question 1

the amount it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 C

Answer 1

calorie

Question 2

releases the energy from the processed food

Answer 2

your digestive system

Question 3

the parts of food used by the body to grow and survive

Answer 3

nutrients

Question 4

5 examples of nutrients

Answer 4

proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals

Question 5

the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use

Answer 5

digestion

Question 6

the 4 steps of digestion

Answer 6

ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination

Question 7

when you chew, mash, and grind food with your teeth and tongue

Answer 7

mechanical digestion

Question 8

break down pieces of food into small molecules

Answer 8

mechanical digestion

Question 9

when you put food, such as bread, into your mouth

Answer 9

ingestion

Question 10

an enzyme, in your mouth, that helps break down carbohydrates

Answer 10

saliva

Question 11

a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

Answer 11

esophagus

Question 12

food moves through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract by waves of muscles contractions

Answer 12

peristalsis

Question 13

a large, hollow organ that stores food

Answer 13

stomach

Question 14

an adult stomach can hold about ____ of food and liquid

Answer 14

2 liters

Question 15

enable the stomach to expand and hold large amounts of food

Answer 15

the folds on the inner walls

Question 16

the cells in these folds produce chemicals that help break down ______ .

Answer 16

proteins

Question 17

this stomach fluid makes the stomach acidic

Answer 17

gastric juice

Question 18

an enzyme that helps breaks down the proteins in foods into amino acids

Answer 18

pepsin

Question 19

a long tube that is connected to the stomach. it is about 7 m (23 ft) long

Answer 19

small intestine

Question 20

fingerlike projections that cover the folds of the small intestine

Answer 20

villi

Question 21

nutrients enter the blood through blood vessels in this digestive organ

Answer 21

small intestine

Question 22

also known as, the colon

Answer 22

large intestine

Question 23

is about 1.5 m (5 ft) long. it has a larger diameter (about 5 cm or 2 in) than the small intestine

Answer 23

large intestine

Question 24

where water is absorbed, leaving behind semisolid waste

Answer 24

large intestine

Question 25

the last section of the large intestine, about 8 inches long .

Answer 25

rectum

Question 26

the final opening or “exit door” of the digestive system .

Answer 26

anus

Question 27

the semisolid ware that is ready to leave the digestive system

Answer 27

feces

Question 28

removes liquid waste from the body

Answer 28

urinary system

Question 29

bean shaped organs that filter, or remove, waste from blood

Answer 29

kidneys

Question 30

ureters from the kidneys deliver liquid waste to this organ that is like a

Answer 30

bladder