2.3-ENERGY AND WASTE

Question 1

when you put food in your mouth

Answer 1

INGESTION

Question 2

The amount of energy in food is measured in calories

Answer 2

Calorie

Question 3

The amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 C.

Answer 3

Calorie

Question 4

Releases the energy from the processed food.

Answer 4

Your digestive system

Question 5

the parts of food used by the body to grow and survive.

Answer 5

Nutrients

Question 6

5 examples of Nutrients

Answer 6

Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals

Question 7

the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use.

Answer 7

Digestion

Question 8

The 4 steps of digestion

Answer 8

ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination

Question 9

when you chew, mash and grind food with your teeth and tongue.

Answer 9

Mechanical digestion

Question 10

break down pieces of food into small molecules.

Answer 10

Chemical digestion

Question 11

When you put food such as bread into your mouth

Answer 11

Ingestion

Question 12

an enzyme in your mouth that helps break down carbohydrates

Answer 12

Saliva

Question 13

A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

Answer 13

Esophagus

Question 14

Food moves through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract by waves of muscular contractions

Answer 14

Peristalsis

Question 15

a large hollow organ that stores food

Answer 15

stomach

Question 16

An adult stomach can hold about __________ of food and liquid.

Answer 16

2 liters

Question 17

enable the stomach to expand and hold large amounts of food

Answer 17

the folds on the inner walls

Question 18

the cells in these folds produce chemicals that help break down __________.

Answer 18

Proteins

Question 19

Thus stomach fluid makes the stomach acidic

Answer 19

Gastric juice

Question 20

an enzyme that helps break down the proteins in foods into amino acids

Answer 20

pepsin

Question 21

a long tube that is connected to the stomach it is about 7m (23 ft) long

Answer 21

small intestine

Question 22

fingerlike projections that cover the folds of the small intestine

Answer 22

villi

Question 23

nutrients enter the blood vessels in this digestive organ

Answer 23

small intestine

Question 24

also known as the colon

Answer 24

large intestine

Question 25

is about 1.5 m (5 ft) long it has larger diameter (about 5 cm or 2 in) than the small intestine

Answer 25

large intestine

Question 26

where water is absorbed leaving behind semisolid waste

Answer 26

large intestine

Question 27

the last section of the large intestine about 8 inches long

Answer 27

rectum

Question 28

the final opening or “exit door” of the digestive system

Answer 28

feces

Question 29

removes liquid waste from the body

Answer 29

urinary system

Question 30

beanshaped organs that filter or remove waste from blood

Answer 30

kidneys

Question 31

ureters from the kidneys deliver liquid waste to this organ that is like a water balloon

Answer 31

bladder

Question 32

liquid waste leaves the body from this small tube that is connected to the baldder

Answer 32

urethra