2.3 energy and waste Flashcards
when you put food in your mouth
ingestion
the four steps of digestion
ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elelimination
when you chew, mash and grind food with your teeth and tongue
Mechanical Digestion
five types of nutrients
Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals
the amount of energy in food is measured in,
calories
the amount of energy is takes to raise the temperature of 1kg of water
calorie
releases the energy from the processed food
your digestive system
the parts of food used by the body to grow and survive
nutrients
the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particle and molecules that your body can absorb and use
digestion
break down pieces of food into small molecules
Chemical digestion
an enzyme in your mouth that helps break down carbohydrates
saliva
a muscular tube that connects from the mouth to the stomache
esophagus
foods move from the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract by waves of the muscle contractions
peristalsis
a large hollow organ that stores food
stomach
an adult stomach can hold about ______ of food and liquid
2 liters
enables the stomach to expand and hold large amounts of food
the folds on the inner walls
the cells in these folds produce chemicals that help break down _______
proteins
this stomach fluid makes the stomach acidic
gastric juice
an enzyme that helps break down the protein in the stomach to amino acids
pepsin
a long tube that is connected to the stomach. it is 7m (23ft) long
small intestine
finger like projects that cover the folds of the small intestine
villi
nutrients enter the blood through the blood vessels in this digestive organ
small intestine
A.K.A the colon
Large intestine
is about 1.5 m (5ft) long. it has a larger diameter (about 5 cm or 2 in) than the small intestine
Large intestine
