2.3 energy and waste Flashcards
The amount of energy in food is measured in calories.
Calorie.
Releases the energy from the processed food.
Your digestive system.
The parts of food used by the body to grow and survive.
Nutrients.
5 examples of nutrients.
Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.
The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that our body can absorb and use.
digestion.
The 4 steps of digestion.
Ingestion,digestion, absorption, and elimination.
When you chew, mash, and grind food with your teeth and tongue.
Mechanical digestion.
Break down pieces of food into small molecules.
Chemical digestion.
When you put food, such as bread, into your mouth.
Ingestion.
An enzyme, in your mouth, that helps break down carbohydrates.
Saliva.
A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
Esophagus.
Food moves through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract by the waves of muscles contractions.
Peristalsis.
A large, hollow organ that stores food.
Stomach.
An adult stomach can hold about ___________of food and liquid.
2 liters.
Enable the stomach to expand and hold large amounts of food.
The folds on the inner walls.
The cells in these folds produce chemicals that help down________.
Proteins.
The stomach fluid makes the stomach acidic.
Gastric Juice.
An enzyme that helps break down the proteins in foods into amino acids.
Pepsin.
A long tube that is connected to the stomach. It is about 7 m (23 ft) long.
Small intestine
Finger like projections that cover the folds of the small intestine.
Villi.
Nutrients enter the blood through blood vessels in the digestive organ.
Small intestine.
Also known as, the colon.
Large intestine.
It is about 1.5 m (5 ft) long. It has a larger diameter (about 5 cm or 2 in) than the small intestine.
Large intestine.
Where water is absorbed, leaving behind semisolid waste.
Large intestine.
