2.3 - energy and waste Flashcards
The amount of energy in food is measured in Calories.
Calorie
The amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 degrees C.
Calorie
Releases the energy from processed food.
Your digestive system
The parts of food used by the body to grow and survive.
Nutrients
5 examples of nutrients.
Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.
The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use.
Digestion
The 4 steps of digestion.
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.
When you chew, mash, and grind food with your teeth and tongue.
Mechanical digestion
Break down pieces of food into small molecules.
Chemical digestion
When you put food, such as bread, into your mouth.
Ingestion
An enzyme, in your mouth, that helps break down carbohydrates.
Saliva
A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
Esophagus
Food moves through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract by waves of muscle contractions.
Peristalsis
A large hollow organ that stores food.
Stomach
An adult stomach can hold about ________of food and liquid.
2 liters
Enables the stomach to expand and hold large amounts of food.
The folds on the inner walls
The cells in these folds produce chemicals that break down ________.
Proteins
This stomach fluid makes the stomach acidic.
Gastric Juice
An enzyme that helps break down the proteins in foods into amino acids.
Pepsin
A long tube that is connected to the stomach. It’s about 23 ft (7 m) long.
Small Intestine
Finger like projections that cover the folds of the small intestine.
Villi
Nutrients enter the blood through blood vessels in this digestive organ.
Small Intestine
Also known as the colon.
Large Intestine
It is about 5 ft (1.5 m) long. It has a larger diameter (about 2 in or 5 cm) than the small intestine.
Large Intestine
