2.3 Energy and Waste Flashcards
The amount of energy in food is measured in
Calories
The amount of energy it takes to raise the temprature of 1 kg of water by 1*C
Calorie
Releases the enegy from the processed food
Your digestive system
The parts of food used by the body to grow and survive
Nutrients
5 examples of Nutrients
Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals
The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use
Digestion
The 4 steps of digestion
ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination
When you chew, mash, and grind food with your teeth and tongue
Mechanical Digestion
Break down pieces of food into small molecules
Chemical Digestion
When you put food, such as bread, in your mouth
Ingestion
An ezyme, in your mouth, that helps break down carbohydrates
Saliva
A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
Esophagus
Food moves through the esoohagus and the rest of the digestive tract by waves of muscle contractions
Peristalsis
A large, hollow organ that stores food
Stomach
An adult stomach can hold about _____ of food and liquid
2 Liters
Enable the stomach to expand and hold large amounts of food
The folds on the inner walls
The cells in these folds produce chemicals that help break down _____.
Proteins
This stomach fluid makes the stomach acid
Gastric Acid
An ezyme that helps break down the proteins in foods into amino acids
Pepsin
A long tube that is connected to the stomach. It is about 7 m (23 ft) long.
Small intestine
Fingerlike projections that cover the folds of the small intestine
Villi
Nutrients enter the blood through blood vessels in this digestive organ
Small intestine
laAlso known as the colon
Large intestine
Is about 1.5 m (5 ft) long. It has a larger diameter (about 5 cm or 2 in) than the small intestine
Large intestine
