2.3 energy and waste Flashcards
The amount of energy is measured in…
calories
The amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 C
calories
Releases the energy from the processed food
digestive system
the part of food the body uses to grow and live
nutrients
the mechanical chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use
digestion
The 4 steps of digestion
ingestion digestion absorption
elimination
5 examples of nutrients
proteins fats carbohydrates vitamins
minerals
when you chew mash and grind food with your teeth and tongue
mechanical digestion
break down pieces of food into small molecules
chemical digestion
when you put food in your mouth
ingestion
an enzyme in your mouth that helps break down carbohydrates
saliva
a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
esophagus
food moves through the esophagus and the rest of your digestive tract by waves of muscle contractions
peristalsis
a large hollow organ that stores food
stomach
an adult stomach can hold about______of food and liquid
2 liters
enables the stomach to expand and hold large amounts of food
the folds on the inner walls
the cells in these folds produce chemicals that break down_______
proteins
this stomach fluid makes the stomach acidic
gastric juice
an enzyme that helps break down the proteins in food into amino acids
pepsin
a long tube that connects to the stomach
small intestine
finger-like projections that cover the folds of the small intestine
villi
nutrients enter the blood through blood vessels in this digestive organ
small intestine
also known as the colon
large intestine
it has a larger diameter than the small intestine
large intestine
