2.3 energy and waste Flashcards
the amount of energy in food is measured in calories.
calorie
the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 *c
calorie
releases the energy from processed food
your digestive system
the parts of food used by the body to grow and survive.
nutreints
5 examples of nutrients
proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals
the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that you body can absorb and use
digestion
the 4 steps of digestion
ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination
when you chew, mash, and grind food with your teeth and tongue
mechanical digestion
break down pieces of food into small partiacals
chemical digestion
when you put food, such as bread in your mouth
ingestion
an enzyme , in your mouth, that helps break down carbohydrates
saliva
a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
esophagus
food moves through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract by waves of muscle contractions
peristalsis
a large hollow organ that stores food.
stomach
an adult stomach can hold up to ___ of food and liquid
2 liters
enable the stomach to expand and hold a lot of food.
the fold on the inner walls
the cells in these folds produce chemicals that help break down ________
proteins
the stomach fluid makes the stomach acid
gastric juice
an enzyme that helps break down the proteins in foods into amino acids
pepsin
a long tube that is connected to the stomach. it is about 7 m
small intestine
finger like projections that cover the fol of the small intestine
villi
nutrients enter the blood through blood vessels in this digestive system
small intestine
also known as the colon
large intestine
is about 1.5 m long. It has a larger diameter (about 5 cm or 2 in) than the small intestine
large intestine
where the water is absorbed, leaving behind semisolid waste
large intestine
the last section of the large intestine, about 8 inches long
rectum
the final opening or, “back door” of the digestive system
anus
the semisolid was that is ready to leave the digestive system
feces
removes liquid waste from the body
urinary system
bean shaped organs that filter, or remove, waste from blood.
kidneys
ureters from the kidneys deliver liquid waste to this organ that is like a water balloon
bladder
liquid waste leaves the body from this small tube that is connected to the anus
urethra
