2.3 energy and wast Flashcards
when you put food in your mouth
INGESTION
The amount of energy in food is measured in calories
calorie
The amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 C
calorie
releases the energy from the processed food
your digestive system
the parts of food used by the body to grow and survive
nutrients
5 examples of nutrients
proteins, fats carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals
the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use
digestion
the 4 steps of digestion
ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination
when you chew mash and grind food with your teeth and tongue
mechanical digestion
break down pieces of food into small molecules
chemical digestion
when you put food such as bread into your mouth
ingestion
an enzyme in your mouth that helps you break in down carbohydrates
saliva
a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
esophagus
food moves through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract by waves of muscle contractions
peristalsis
a large hollow organ that stores food
stomach
an adult stomach can hold about _______ and liquid
2liters
enable the stomach to expand and hold large amounts of food
the folds on the inner walls
the cells in these folds produce chemicals that help break down _______
proteins
this stomach fluid makes the stomach acidic
gastric juice
an enzyme that helps break down the proteins in foods into amino acids
pepsin
a long tube that is connected to the stomach it is about 7 m (23 ft) long
small intestine
fingerlike projections that cover folds of small intestines
villi
nutrients enter the blood though blood vessels in this digestive organ
small intestine
also known as the colon
large intestine
