2.3 - Energy Flashcards
How do autotrophs produce their own food?
From substances available in their environment using light (photosynthesis) or chemical energy (chemosynthesis).
How do heterotrophs produce their own food?
They cannot produce food, therefore, they rely on other organisms (plants and animals) for nutrition.
Examples of autotrophs:
Plants, algae, some bacteria
Examples of heterotrophs:
Herbivores, omnivores, carnivores
What substances do autotrophs take in?
Water (Photosynthesis)
Carbon Dioxide (Photosynthesis)
Glucose (Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration)
Oxygen (Aerobic Respiration)
What substances do autotrophs release?
Glucose (Photosynthesis) Oxygen (Photosynthesis) Water (Aerobic Respiration) Carbon Dioxide (Aerobic / Anaerobic Respiration) Ethanol (Anaerobic Respiration)
What substances do heterotrophs take in?
Glucose (Aerobic / Anaerobic Respiration)
Oxygen (Aerobic Respiration)
What substances do heterotrophs release?
Water (Aerobic Respiration) Carbon Dioxide (Aerobic Respiration) Lactic Acid (Anaerobic Respiration)
What does energy provide?
The ability to do work.
What can energy do?
Transform from one form of energy to another.
Why do all cells need energy?
- Synthesis (making chemicals including proteins and DNA)
- Movement
- Maintaining the intracellular environment by active transport
- Cell Division
What molecule is used to store energy for use in cells?
In the third phosphate bond of ATP (Adenosine Tri - Phosphate).
How does ATP provide energy for the cell?
ATP is continually being SYNTHESISED and BROKEN DOWN in the body, providing the cell and entire organism with energy.
What reactions is ATP synthesised in?
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Fermentation
What is photosynthesis?
A chemical reaction which converts light energy into chemical energy (glucose).
Where does photosynthesis occur?
Only in autotrophs and takes place in chloroplasts.
Balanced Equation of Photosynthesis:
6 CO2 + 6 H2O = (light + chlorophyll) = C6H12O6 + 6 O2
What is cellular respiration?
A chemical reaction where which converts chemical energy (glucose) into a simple form of energy (ATP) which the body then can use for many metabolic processes.
Where does cellular respiration occur?
In both autotrophs and heterotrophs.
What are the two types of cellular respiration?
- Aerobic Respiration
2. Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation)
What is aerobic respiration?
Form of cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down in the PRESENCE OF OXYGEN to produce 36 ATP molecules with the by-products of carbon dioxide and water.
Where does aerobic respiration occur?
In the mitochondria.
How many molecules of ATP are produced from AEROBIC RESPIRATION?
36 ATP molecules
What is Fermentation / Anaerobic Respiration?
Form of cellular respiration, where glucose is partially broken down to produce 2 ATP molecules WITHOUT PRESENCE OF OXYGEN.
Where does fermentation / Anaerobic Respiration occur?
In prokaryotes (no mitochondria present), but can also occur in eukaryotes only when there is not a sufficient amount of oxygen available for aerobic respiration.
What are the two types of Fermentation / Anaerobic Respiration?
- Alcoholic Fermentation
2. Lactic Acid Fermentation
What is alcoholic fermentation?
A form of fermentation / anaerobic respiration where it occurs in yeast and plants, producing carbon dioxide and 2 ATP with ethanol as a by-product.
What is lactic acid fermentation?
A form of fermentation / anaerobic respiration where it occurs in animals, producing 2 ATP with lactic acid as a by-product.
