2.3

Question 1

Define Energy

Answer 1

The strength and vitality required for sustained activity.

Question 2

What is a photosynthetic autotroph

Answer 2

organisms which are able to use photosynthesis to synthesis their own food from light.

Question 3

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 3

6CO2 + 6H20 —> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 4

What is the worded equation for photosyntheis

Answer 4

Carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen

Question 5

Chemotrophs get their energy from …

Answer 5

chemicals

Question 6

How do heterotrophs gain energy?

Answer 6

consuming food

Question 7

What results in a net output of energy?

Answer 7

If the total energy released when new chemical bonds are made is greater than the energy required to break the original chemical bonds.

Question 8

What is the structure of ATP?

Answer 8

A nitrogenous base (adenine) bonded to a ribose sugar, which is bonded to three phosphate groups

Question 9

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 9

Adenine Triphosphate

Question 10

How does the third bonded phosphate group in ATP cause the release of energy?

Answer 10

The third phosphate group has is held by an unstable bond, the unstable bond is broken, and energy is released for the cell to use.

Question 11

How is ADP produced?

Answer 11

When ATP releases the third phosphate ADP is produced.

Question 12

What are the two types of cellular respiration?

Answer 12

Aerobic and anaerobic

Question 13

Why do cells require energy?

Answer 13

To undergo essential processes such as synthesis, active transport, movement, growth, and reproduction.

Question 14

What happens during aerobic respiration?

Answer 14

energy is produced by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen.

Question 15

What is respiration without the presence of oxygen?

Answer 15

Anaerobic respiration/Fermentation

Question 16

What is the type of fermentation for plants?

Answer 16

Alcohol fermentation

Question 17

What is the type of fermentation in animals

Answer 17

Lactic Acid fermentation

Question 18

What is the worded equation of Alcohol fermentation?

Answer 18

Glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 19

What is the worded equation of Lactic Acid fermentation?

Answer 19

Glucose —> Lactic Acid

Question 20

What is the chemical equation of Alcohol fermentation?

Answer 20

C6H12O6 —> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

Question 21

What is the chemical equation of Lactic Acid fermentation

Answer 21

C6H12O6 —> 2C3H6O3

Question 22

What is the equation of the ATP cycle?

Answer 22

ATP + water —> ADP + phosphate + energy

Question 23

What is the physical form of energy that cells can use?

Answer 23

ATP

Question 24

What is an energy transformation?

Answer 24

The process of changing one form of energy into another form of energy

Question 25

define photosynthesis

Answer 25

The process that cells in certain organisms undergo to convert light energy into chemical energy

Question 26

why do energy pathways occur in smaller steps?

Answer 26

with the help of cofactors and enzymes reducing activation energy, less energy is required by the cell

Question 27

What is the main source that mitochondria use to convert energy from food into ATP?

Answer 27

Glucose

Question 28

Define glycolysis pathway

Answer 28

the metabolic pathway that begins respiration

Question 29

What is the site of aerobic respiration?

Answer 29

Mitochondria

Question 30

What is the site of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 30

Cytoplasm/Cytosol

Question 31

define fermentation?

Answer 31

the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms

Question 32

what are some commercial uses of fermentation?

Answer 32

antibiotics, insulin, cheese, beer, bread

Question 33

how much ATP is produced from aerobic respiration

Answer 33

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