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HSCI 2214 > 2214 - Module 9-11 > Flashcards

2214 - Module 9-11 Flashcards

1
Q

neurodevelopmental disorders include:

A
  • fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
  • intellectual disorders
  • motor disorders and others
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2
Q

2 features shared by neurodevelopmental disorders

A
  1. neurological dysfunction underlying capacity for intellectual, social, and/or physical development
  2. people with disorders often have a difficult time fitting into and being included in society
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3
Q

ADHD diagnoses

A
  • characterized by inattentive, hyperactive, impulsive behaviour.
  • 6/18 symptoms including:
  • difficulty waiting turn
  • completing schoolwork or workplace tasks
  • excessive talking
  • difficulty fixing attention
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4
Q

criticism of ADHD perspective

A
  • syndrome may be explained by immaturity
  • classroom setting not suitable for all, should make more accommodating environments
  • youngest children in classes most likely to be diagnosed
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5
Q

The essential features of autism

A
  • difficulty understanding the need to be social

- struggle to manage social life and social expectations

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6
Q

reason for the increased prevalence of autism diagnosis

A

increase as we become a more urban and socially complex society

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7
Q

explanations for ADHD

A
  • general neurological deficit
  • initially thought to be caused by brain injury
  • diet
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8
Q

Treatment for ADHD

A

Primary treatment: Ritalin (stimulant drug)

  • ethical questions about prescribing drugs for children
  • side effects include bed-wetting, hallucinations

Alternative treatments:

  • dietary approaches (Feingold diet)
  • educational interventions
  • holistic approaches
  • CBT, neurofeedback
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9
Q

Treatment for autism

A

no treatment but drugs sometimes used to relieve symptoms and behaviors

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10
Q

The Neurodiversity Movement

A
  • argues that these conditions are not to be “cured” and can be a positive part of a person’s identity
  • conditions are not pathological but parts of normal human behavior
  • it is more important to make environments more accomodating
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11
Q

critics of the neurodiversity movement

A
  • assumes that autism is a neurological issue

- members tend to be high-functioning, may ignore people who are non-verbal or unable to participate

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12
Q

Recovery

A
  • staying in control of one’s life despite living with a mental illness
  • does not necessarily refer to living a life completely free of symptoms
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13
Q

Putting recovery into action

A
  • building resilience
  • helping people look beyond mere existence
  • encouraging people to set goals and ambitions, to move forward and build relationships
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14
Q

Things that support recovery

A
  • good relationships
  • developing cultural and spiritual perspectives
  • building resilience
  • personal growth
  • right living environment
  • financial security
  • hope
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15
Q

Things that are helpful for recovery

A
  • being listened to and understood
  • the ability to temporarily withdraw from responsibilities during a time of crisis
  • getting explanations for problems and experiences
  • being believed in
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16
Q

Components of recovery

A
  • hope
  • empowerment
  • support
  • medication/treatment
  • employment
  • meaningful activities
17
Q

7 goals of a transformed mental health system

A
  1. active support
  2. promotion of mental health and prevention of mental illness
  3. addressing individual and group needs and disparities
  4. recognizing the role of and including families
  5. Using evidence to inform care
  6. ensuring people with mental illnesses are engaged as active members of society
  7. ensuring equitable and timely access to treatment
18
Q

Barriers to Evidence-based Care

A
  1. uninformed public
  2. traditions - scientific method does not allow clinicians to use their skills
  3. professional self-determination
    - lack of oversight of clinicians
    - clinicians may think they are using evidence-based care when they are not
    - it is in the best interest of practicing clinicians not to have their methods examined
19
Q

Empirically Supported Evidence

A
  • at least 2 RCTs, that are shown to be effective, conducted by at least 2 different researchers
  • problems: some results cannot be measured, treatment in real-life situations is more complex than in research
20
Q

Psychotherapy

A
  • treatment that involves talking and thinking using psychological techniques from a psychological perspective
  • used to overcome difficulties and achieve personal growth
21
Q

Biomedical therapy

A
  • uses medical treatments such as medication and biological techniques and treatments
22
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Goals:

  • bring repressed feelings and emotions to conscious awareness
  • relieve energy associated with id-eg–superego conflict

Techniques:

  • historical reconstruction with hypnosis followed by free association
  • interpretation of resistance/transference
23
Q

Psychodynamic Therapy

A

Goal:

  • to understand symptoms
  • to explore and gain perspective on defended-against thoughts and feelings

Techniques:

  • face-to-face meetings
  • therapist guides client through past troubles to understand current difficulties
24
Q

Humanistic Therapies

A

Insight therapies
Theme: people’s potential for self-fulfillment and new insights

Goals:

  • reduce inner conflicts that interfere with growth
  • grow in self-awareness and self-acceptance

Techniques:

  • focus on taking responsibility for feelings and actions
  • focus on the present and future rather than the past
25
Q

Insight Therapies

A

Psychodynamic and Humanistic Therapies

- improve functioning by increasing awareness to motives and defenses

26
Q

Behavior Therapies - Classical Conditioning Techniques

A
  1. Exposure Therapy: reduce anxiety by exposing a person to real or imagined things they fear or avoid
  2. Systematic Desensitization: associates relaxed state while increasing anxiety-inducing stimuli
27
Q

Beck’s therapy for depression

A
  • gentle questioning reveals irrational thinking, person is persuaded to change perceptions of own and other’s actions from being dark, negative, or pessimistic
  • people are trained to modify negative self-talk

HSCI 2214 (3 decks)

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