2.2.1 Shells and orbitals Flashcards
what is a shell?
a group of atomic orbitals with the same principal quantum number, n.
what does n represent?
the principal quantum number (number representing the relative overall energy of each orbital)
what does the principle quantum number indicate?
it indicates the shell that electrons occupy
what does an increased value of n represent?
the larger the value of n, the further away the shell is from the nucleus (tf the higher the energy level)
what is each shell made up of?
a number of atomic orbitals
what is an atomic orbital?
a region around the nucleus that can hold up to 2 electrons, with opposite spin
what are the four types of orbital?
SPDF
what shape is an S orbital?
spherical
from which shell upwards, contains S orbitals?
n=1 (first shell)
how many S orbitals does each shell contain?
1
how many S electrons does each shell contain?
2
what shape does an P orbital have?
3D dumbbell shape
from which shell upwards, contains P orbitals?
n=2
how many P orbitals does each shell contain?
3
how many P electrons could each shell contain?
6
describe what planes each P orbital lies on?
px lying side to side
py top to bottom
p*z front to back
from which shell upwards, contains D orbitals?
n=3
how many D orbitals does each shell contain?
5 D orbitals
how many D electrons could a shell contain?
10 D electrons
from which shell upwards, contains F orbitals?
n=4
how many F orbitals does a shell have?
7
how many F electrons could a shell have?
14
why do electrons not repel each other?
because an electron has a property of opposite spin
describe ‘electrons in boxes’
represents orbitals as a box (with max 2 electrons)