2.2.1 programming fundamentals

Question 1

what are the three basic programming constructs

Answer 1

• sequence (printing and variables)
• selection (using if statements)
• iteration (for and while loops)

Question 2

what does MOD do (%)

Answer 2

give the remainder value
eg. 10MOD3 is 1
because 10/3 is 3 with remainder 1

Question 3

what does DIV do ()

Answer 3

divides and ignores remainders
eg. 10DIV3 is 3
because 10/3 is 3 with remainder 1 which is ignored

Question 4

how to find length/how many characters in a string stored in a variable

Answer 4

print(VariableName.length)
- incudes spaces
or len(VariableName)

Question 5

how to make string stored in variable uppercase

Answer 5

print(VariableName.upper)

Question 6

how to make string stored in variable lowercase

Answer 6

print(VariableName.lower)

Question 7

how to only print part of string stored in variable

Answer 7

eg. variable = computer science
print(variable.substring(0,8)) = computer
(0,8) as computer has 8 letters

Question 8

how to convert a letter into ASCII value

Answer 8

print(ASC(letter))

Question 9

how to convert ASCII value into a letter

Answer 9

print(CHR(ascii number))

Question 10

if year = 2000 what does year += 20 do

Answer 10

year will now be stored as 2020

Question 11

what is boolean value true and false stored as

Answer 11

1 = true 0 = false

Question 12

how to only print one character of a string stored in a variable

Answer 12

print(VariableName[2]) would print the third letter of the string
- starts from 0 therefore third instead of second

Question 13

how to print the last character of a string stored in a variable

Answer 13

print(VariableName[len(VariableName) - 1]
or print(VariableName[-1]

Question 14

what is slicing

Answer 14

returning part of the string stored in a variable (using substring)

Question 15

How to make a string stored in a variable backwards

Answer 15

print(VariableName ::-1)

Question 16

What is a nested if statement

Answer 16

if statement within an if statement

Question 17

how to slice a string

Answer 17

eg. name = “Riana”
print(name[0:3]) will print ria