2.2.1 Molecular Bonding Flashcards
what is a condensation reaction?
reaction that occurs when two molecules are joined together with the removal of water
what is hydrolysis reaction?
reaction that occurs when a molecule is split into two smaller molecules with the addition of water
what is a monomer?
a small molecule which binds to many other identical molecules to form a polymer
what is a polymer?
a large molecule made from many smaller molecules called monomers (think hundreds)
what does hydrolysis stand for?
water, splitting
what does a condensation reaction do in relation to bonding?
breaking and formation of covalent bonds
what is a dimer?
when two monomers join together
what are the main types of biological molecule necessary to function?
carbohydrates, proteins, water, nucleic acid, lipids
name 6 monosaccarides
glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose, sucrose, lactose
what is glycogen structurally?
polymer of glucose in animals
what is cellulose structurally?
polymer of glucose in plant cell wall
what is polymerisation?
the process on joining monomers together to make a polymer
what is starch structurally?
polymer of glucose in plants
what are macromolecules?
very large molecules
how many atoms do macromolecules have?
1000 or more (tf have a high molecular mass)
are macromolecules and polymers the same?
polymers can be macromolecules, however, not all macromolecules are polymers as the subunits of polymers have to be the same repeating units
what is a covalent bond?
the sharing of two or more electrons between two atoms
when is a non-polar bond formed?
if the electrons are shared equally (the electronegativities are equal)
when is a polar bond formed?
when the electronegatitvities
what are carbohydrates made up of?
C, H and O