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Cat B- Mod 2 Physics > 2.2.1 Mechanics- Statics > Flashcards

2.2.1 Mechanics- Statics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of distance?

A

A length between two points.

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2
Q

What is the definition of speed?

A

The rate of change of distance in a given time regardless of direction.

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3
Q

What is the definition of velocity?

A

The rate of change of distance in a given time in a specified direction.

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4
Q

What is the definition of acceleration?

A

A rate of change of velocity.

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5
Q

What is the definition of weight?

A

The weight of a body is the gravitational force with which the body experiences.

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6
Q

What is the formula of force?

A

Mass x acceleration

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7
Q

What is the definition of a newton?

A

The force that gives 1kg an acceleration of 1 m/s.

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8
Q

What is the definition of kilogram force?

A

Magnitude of force exerted on 1 kilo of mass x gravity.

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9
Q

What is the formula of weight (kgf)?

A

mass x local value of gravity divided by 9.0865

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10
Q

Where is the weight of a body concentrated at?

A

Centre of gravity.

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11
Q

What happens to forms that are hollow with their centre of gravity?

A

It may occur in space and provides a convenient point from which to make calculations.

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12
Q

If a force goes through the centre of gravity what happens?

A

It remains balanced.

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13
Q

What happens if the force acts away from the centre of gravity i.e. the wing tip?

A

It produces a turning effect.

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14
Q

What is the formula for moment (Nm)?

A

Force (n) x Distance (m)

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15
Q

What is a clockwise moment?

A

Movement in a clockwise direction.

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16
Q

What is the moment if the distance is 4m and the force is 5Nm?

A

20Nm.

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17
Q

What is the equilibrium of translation?

A

The forces in one direction must equal the forces in the other.

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18
Q

What are quantities thought of as being?

A

Scalar or Vector.

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19
Q

What is a scalar quantity?

A

Contains magnitude only.

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20
Q

What are examples of scalar quantities?

A

Mass, time, temperature, lenghth etc.

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21
Q

What is important about the presentation of scalar quantities?

A

They are only represented graphically.

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22
Q

What is a vector quantity?

A

They posses magnitude and direction and if either changes then the vector changes.

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23
Q

What are examples of vector quantities?

A

Force, velocity and any quantity formed from these.

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24
Q

How is a vector quantity represented?

A

A line drawn to some scale, representing magnitude at an angle to a datum which indicates the the direction, an arrow showing the way the quantity is applied.

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25
Q

What do you need to know to represent a force in a vector?

A

The point of application
Its magnitude or size
Its direction
Its sense of direction

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26
Q

What is a co-planar force?

A

Acting in the same plane.

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27
Q

What is a concurrent force?

A

Acting at the same moment in time.

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28
Q

What is used to determine the actual force and direction when there are two forces acting on a body?

A

A vector addition, it does a vector the first force and adds it to the vector of the second force.

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29
Q

What is the resultant force?

A

The single force which could replace the original forces and yet have the same effect.

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30
Q

How do you read a vector?

A

Draw a line between the two forces to make a triangle and measure it, then using the scale convert it from cm to n. And you present the answer with the angle, e.g. 5n at 37 degrees.

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31
Q

What is the name of a force that is equal and opposite?

A

Equilibrant.

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32
Q

If a body is at equilibrium under three resultant forces where must they pass through?

A

A common point.

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33
Q

What is the triangle of forces?

A

Forces in equilibrium on a body drawn in a closed triangle all following each other. The forces must be concurrent.

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34
Q

What is it called when the reverse of a single resultant force is replaced with two forces?

A

Resolution.

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35
Q

What are the two forces in a resolution called?

A

Component forces.

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36
Q

What is stress?

A

Internal force that resists deformation of a body.

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37
Q

How is stress denoted?

A

Greek symbol sigma σ

38
Q

What are the units for stress?

A

Nm¯²

39
Q

What is the formula for stress?

A

Force applied (n) divided by cross sectional area (m²)

40
Q

What are the 5 different types of stress?

A

Tension- stretch
Compression- squeeze
Bending-
Torsion- Twist
Shear- layers going opposite ways

41
Q

What is torsion a combination of?

A

Tension and compression.

42
Q

What are the two forces involved in bending?

A

Tension and compression.

43
Q

When stress is applied to a material what is the deformation called?

A

Strain.

44
Q

What is the formula for strain?

A

Change of length divided by the original length.

45
Q

Why does strain not have units?

A

It is a ratio of two scalar quantities.

46
Q

What is it called when the property of a material is to return to its normal shape after being under stress?

A

Elasticity.

47
Q

What stress does youngs modulus refer too?

A

Elasticity

48
Q

What is youngs modulus?

A

Stress over Strain

49
Q

What is one of the most elastic materials?

A

Glass

50
Q

What is the elastic limit?

A

The point of which the material can no longer return to its original shape.

51
Q

What is hookes law?

A

The amount of stress deformation in a material is proportional to the stress as long as the elastic limit is not exceeded.

52
Q

At the elastic limit, what is the point of permanent deformation known as?

A

The Yield Point.

53
Q

What happens after the yield point if a force is still being applied?

A

Ultimate strength is reached and at this point the material will rupture or break.

54
Q

What is the definition of force?

A

Interaction which tries to change the body state of rest or motion.

55
Q

What is the metric system of foce?

A

Newton.

56
Q

What is the imperial system of force?

A

Pound.

57
Q

What is the metric and imperial systems for moment?

A

M= NM
I= lb-in

58
Q

What is an opposing moment?

A

Total moments that act against each other are applied at points separated by a distance.

59
Q

What is the fixed axis called?

A

Fulcrum

60
Q

What is the principle of moments and what would it result in?

A

Opposing moments to have equal magnitudes, this would result in an object being balanced.

61
Q

What is a couple?

A

A pair of forces that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. This produces a torque on the object.

62
Q

What is the resultant?

A

The effect that results from two or more vectors of the same type of quantity acting on an object.

63
Q

How do you work out the resultant of two vectors acting in the same direction?

A

Add them together.

64
Q

What happens to the resultant of the vectors if they aren’t on 0 or 180 degrees.

A

They can’t be calculated.

65
Q

How does triangle method work for working out the resultant of two vectors at 90 degrees to one another?

A

Draw the two vectors, complete the triangle. The length of the hypotenuse is the resultant and the angle shows the direction of travel.

66
Q

How does Pythagoras work for working out the resultant of two vectors at 90 degrees to one another?

A

Pythagoras= a²+b²=c²

67
Q

What is plasicity?

A

Opposite to elasticity, when a material changes shape permanently when subject to stress.

68
Q

What is hardness?

A

Resistance to indentation.

69
Q

What is toughness?

A

Tendency to resit breakage.

70
Q

What is malleability?

A

To undergo compressive stress without damage.

71
Q

What is ductility?

A

Tendency to undergo tensile stress without breakage.

72
Q

What is vapour?

A

A gas that can be liquified by an increase in pressure without decreasing temperature.

73
Q

What is volatile liquid?

A

A liquid that readily evaporates at room temperature.

74
Q

What is the flash point?

A

The temperature at which a liquid will catch fire when exposed to a naked flame.

75
Q

What does inert mean?

A

An inert substance will not chemically combine with another. All inert substances are gases.

76
Q

In the metric system what is pressure denoted by?

A

Pa or Nm²

77
Q

In the imperial system what is pressure denoted by?

A

Psi

78
Q

What is the formula for pressure?

A

Force divided by area

79
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

The force exerted by the weight of the atmosphere.

80
Q

What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level?

A

14.7 psi

81
Q

What is the most common type of barometer?

A

Mercury

82
Q

What is gauge pressure?

A

The amount of pressure by which the measured pressure in a fluid exceeds the atmosphere.

83
Q

What is absolute pressure measured too?

A

Relative to the absolute zero pressure, meaning it occurs in a vaccum.

84
Q

What is the formula for absolute pressure?

A

Gauge pressure + Atmospheric pressure

85
Q

What does Archimedes principle state and what is the force known as?

A

A body in liquid will be subject to an upward force equal to the weight of the liquid it displaces. It is known as the buoyant force.

86
Q

What happens if the buoyant force is more than the object weighs?

A

The object will float.

87
Q

When does neutral buoyancy occur?

A

When the weight of the object is equal to the fluid it displaces.

88
Q

What determines how high or low an object floats?

A

The ratio between the density of the object and the density of the fluid.

89
Q

What is a Torricellian vacuum?

A

The weight of the mercury in a barometer in the reservoir creates a vacuum at the top of the tube which is nearly absolute zero.

90
Q

What is the principle of moments?

A

When the two opposing moments are equal and the body can be balanced on its fulcrum.

91
Q

What is a couple?

A

A pair of forces equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. They produce a torque on the object, such as a tap wrench.

92
Q

What is the flashpoint of aviation fuel?

A

38 degrees Celsius.

Cat B- Mod 2 Physics (9 decks)

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