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Paramedic School > 2206 Pharmocology/IV Med/Drug Calc > Flashcards

2206 Pharmocology/IV Med/Drug Calc Flashcards

1
Q

_____ (drug) prolongs the repoloarization and blocks the potassium out of the cell.
Controls ventricles, VFIb/VTach

A

Amiodarone

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2
Q

_____ (drug) blocks sodium in and out of cell. (VFib/VTach)

A

Lidocaine

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3
Q

_____ blocks calcium from going in and out of cell.

A

Calcium channel blocker

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4
Q

_____ (drug) resets ventricles.

A

Magnesium sulfate

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5
Q

_____ or _____ = give Amiodarone or lidocaine.

A

VTach or VFib

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6
Q

_____ or _____ = give calcium channel blocker.

A

A Fib or A Flutter

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7
Q

What drug is the only one you can mix and carry as a kit?

A

Glucagon

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8
Q

1 Grain = ___ mg
15 Grains = ___ g

A

60 mg (google says 65)
1 g

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9
Q

Route for Glucagon:

Route for Glucose:

A

Glucagon: IM

Glucose: Oral

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10
Q

_____: give for low BP; related to shock.

A

Dopamine

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11
Q

Dopamine is a _____.

Vasodilator
Vasoconstrictor
Vasopressor

A

Vasopressor

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12
Q

_____: (Drug) Indications- Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastrointestinal upset, emesis, and muscle twitching.

A

Atropine

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13
Q

Narcotic OD:

A

Narcan

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14
Q

Prils

A

ACE inhibitor

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15
Q

Zems:

A

Calcium Blockers

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16
Q

Lols:

A

Beta blockers

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17
Q

If med control calls you and gives you an order you think is wrong, repeat order back to doctor, explain that they’re allergic, and he still says to give it, _____.

A

Don’t give drug

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18
Q

A “10 drop set” means every drop will equal ___ mL.

A

1/10th mL

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19
Q

Most of our drugs are eliminated/released through _____/_____.

A

Kidneys/Urine

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20
Q

Adenosine is a _____ IV push.

A

Rapid

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21
Q

_____ patients have a harder time responding to drug drive to liver/kidneys/renal system due to decreased function.

A

Geriatric

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22
Q

Number classification tells us in “FDA Classes: the _____ potential.

A

Abuse

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23
Q

Letter classification tells us in “FDA Classes” the _____ potential.

A

Treatment

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24
Q

_____ comes in a dark brown glass, which protects it from light.

A

Nitro

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25
Q

_____: type of opioid narcotic. Side effects: respiratory depression and bradycardia.

A

Meperidine

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26
Q

Fluid Bolus is ___ mL/kg for adults.

A

20

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27
Q

Fluid Bolus is ___ mL/kg for pedi.

A

10

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28
Q

Drug being sent dow at ET tube take how much longer than IV dose.

A

2-2.5 times longer

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29
Q

_____: medication combined with alcohol.

A

Elixir

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30
Q

In the Apothocary system, 1 grain = ___ mg.

A

60 mg

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31
Q

_____: calcium channel blockers that work on the AV node.

A

Cardizem

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32
Q

The number 1 side effect of albuterol is:

A

Tachycardia

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33
Q

What does Amyl Nitrate do in hydrogen cyanide poisoning?

A

Binds to hemoglobin.

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34
Q

_____: give amyl nitrate, which helps patient breathe. But does not reduce effects.

A

Hydrogen Cyanide Poisoning

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35
Q

_____: converts cyanide (in hydrogen cyanide poisoning) and breaks it down to be excreted by the kidneys, and reduces the effects.

A

Sodium thiosulfate

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36
Q

Opioids have what type of effects?

A

Psychological and physiological

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37
Q

Physical effect of opioids does what?

A

Binds to pain receptors and suppresses the CNS, depresses everything including respiratory causing hypoxia and bradycardia.

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38
Q

_____ is an agonist and works with opioid receptor to decrease the CNS.

A

Morphine

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39
Q

If a patient is working around chemicals (pesticides/herbicides) and have increased urine, salivation, pupil constriction….. aka organophosphate poisoning they need _____.

A

Atropine

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40
Q

Person is bradycardia they probably need some _____.

A

Atropine

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41
Q

_____: decreased effects more times given.

A

Tachyphylaxis

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42
Q

_____ makes the platelets less sticky in a cardiac issue type of event.

A

Aspirin

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43
Q

OD on medication side effects

_____ = (Valium, versed, xanax) - slows everything down.

A

Benzodiazepines

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44
Q

OD on medication side effects

_____ = speeds everything up.

A

Amphetamines

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45
Q

OD on medications side effects

_____ = slows things down.

(OxyContin), Hydrocodone (Vicodin, codeine, morphine)

A

Opioids

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46
Q

OD on medication side effects

_____ = Slows things down.

Amobarbital, Amytal, butabarbital, but idol, pentobarbital, Nembutal.

A

Barbiturates

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47
Q

_____ contain opioids/alcohol.

A

Cough suppressants

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48
Q

_____/_____ are vasodilators or smooth muscle relaxers. Cannot use with Nitro.

A

Cildenafil/Viagra

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49
Q

_____ : slows down HR and blocks the influx of calcium.

A

7 Esmolol

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50
Q

_____: two drugs mixed can kill me.

A

Synergism effect

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51
Q

_____ law: aka stretch law. Nitro will decrease preload/decrease stroke volume. If heart is not stretching and beating as much it will decrease O2 demand.

A

Starlings

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52
Q

Accidentally gave the wrong drug …. What side effects? Morphine- ____ & _____.

A

Respiratory depression & bradycardia

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53
Q

If a patient takes Valium all the time and the paramedic needs to administer Valium, they would have to increase or decrease the dosage due to _____.

A

Increase

Cross tolerance

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54
Q

Von Williams Classification of dysrythmias:

Class I:
Class II:
Class III:
Class IV:
Class V:

A

Class I: Sodium Channel Blockers (Caine)
Class II: Beta Blockers (Lol)
Class III: Potassium Channel Blockers (Amiodarone)
Class IV: Calcium Channel Blockers (Zem)
Class V: Miscellaneous (Adenosine)

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55
Q

Lidocaine fallers into which category of the Von Williams classification of dysrythmias?

A

Class 1B

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56
Q

Narcan is an agonist or antagonist to opioid receptors?

A

Antagonist

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57
Q

_____ converts angiotensin 1 to 2.

A

Renin

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58
Q

Angiotensin ___ will squeeze the vessels major cause of vasoconstriction (causes BP to increase)

A

2

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59
Q

Excessive widespread vasoconstriction will be treated with drugs that end in “_____”.

A

Peril

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60
Q

True or False:
Brand Name and Trade name are the same.

A

True

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61
Q

How do over the counter drugs become “over the counter”?

A

A prescription drug becomes normalized and understood by public and it changes to over the counter.

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62
Q

What drugs work on Beta 1?

A

Vasodilators

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63
Q

What drugs work on beta 2?

A

Bronchodilation

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64
Q

Furosemide is a _____ that decreases pressure.

A

Diuretic

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65
Q

What affect do barbiturates have on the CNS?

A

Depress/Slow it down

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66
Q

_____ means what’s an effective vs lethal dose.

The wider apart the number the _____ the drug.

A

Therapeutic Index

Safer

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67
Q

_____: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

A

NSAIDS

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68
Q

Anti-inflammatory drugs use when?

A

After surgery

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69
Q

Antipyretic

A

Fever

70
Q

Which of the following is not an NSAID?

Acetaminophen
Ibuprofen
Aspirin

A

Aspirin

71
Q

_____ is when the drug starts to work.

A

Onset time

72
Q

Benzos are more or less safe than barbiturates?

A

More safe

73
Q

_____ are made in a lab, synthetic, plants or animals.

A

Drugs

74
Q

Schedule 1 drugs: (3)

A

Heroin, LSD, Mescaline

75
Q

Shedule 2 Drugs: (4)

A

Opium, Cocaine, Morphine, Oxy

76
Q

Schedule 3 drugs: 1

A

Tylenol 3

77
Q

Schedule 4 drugs: (4)

A

Diazepam, Lorazepam, Phenobarbital, Benzo’s

78
Q

Shedule 5 drugs: (1)

A

Limited amounts of opioids for cough or diarrhea

79
Q

_____ has the shortest half life.

A

Adenosine

80
Q

Adenosine should be pushed IV, IM, IN or Orally?

A

IV

81
Q

_____ can end up hurting peptic ulcers.

A

NSAIDS

82
Q

_____: how drugs are transported into and out of the body.

A

Pharmokinetics

83
Q

_____: deals with the effects of drugs once they reach the target tissues.

A

Pharmacodynamics

84
Q

What is a gelatin container?

A

Capsule

85
Q

_____ is not a safe drug because it has a very narrow therapeutic index.

A

Digitalis

86
Q

SLUDGEM

A

Salivation
Lacrimation (tearing)
Urination
Defecation
Gastrointestinal
Emesis
Muscle Twitching

87
Q

What drug to give for SLUDGEM?

A

Atropine

88
Q

Alpha 1 effect of EPI:

A

Vasoconstriction

89
Q

Beta 1 Effect of EPI:

A

Increased heart rate

90
Q

Beta 2 effect of EPI:

A

Bronchodilation

91
Q

_____ drugs will affect pregnancies by development of the fetus.

A

Teratogenic

92
Q

_____ relieves the sensation of pain

A

Analgesic

93
Q

_____ causes absence of all sensation

A

Anesthetic

94
Q

Biggest side effect of viagra:

What drug can you not give if Px is taking viagra?

A

Vasodilation

Nitro

95
Q

If a drug ends in “prill” it blocks _____ from moving to _____.

A

Angelo 1 to angeo2

96
Q

If a drug ends in “prill” it is a/an _____.

A

ACE inhibitor

97
Q

If it ends in “_____” it slows the heart rate.

A

lol

98
Q

_____ refers to heart rate.

A

Chronotropic

99
Q

Side effects of Atropine: (4)

A

Dry mouth, blurred vision, palpitation and sensitivity

100
Q

_____ increases the risk of aspiration.

A

Vomiting/Emesis

101
Q

_____ has the least amount of prehospital intervention needed.

A

Marijuana

102
Q

Antidote for tricyclic antidepressants:

A

Sodium Bicarbonate

103
Q

What should you do with an ampule after you have crushed it and are done gathering what’s inside it?

A

Sharps container

104
Q

Biggest risk of OD on Acetaminophen (Tylenol) 6-8 hours after:

A

Hepatic Necrosis (liver failure)

105
Q

One of the biggest factors for storing a drug:

A

Temperature

106
Q

Most common drug administration metric unit?
Milligram, Microgram, gram?

A

Milligram (MG)

107
Q

Amiodarone would fall into what antiarrythmic class?

A

Class 3 (potassium channel blockers)

108
Q

What Schedule Drug?

High abuse potential; may lead to severe dependence; no accepted medical indications; used for research analysis; instruction only.

Heroin, LSD, Mescaline

A

Schedule 1

109
Q

What schedule drug?

High abuse potential; may lead to severe dependence; accepted medical indications.

Opium, morphine, codeine, oxycodone

A

Schedule 2

110
Q

What schedule drug?

Less potential for abuse; may lead to moderate or low dependence or high psychological dependence; accepted medical indications.

Acetaminophen with Codeine

A

Schedule 3

111
Q

What Schedule drug?

Low potential for abuse; Limited psychological and or physical dependence; accepted medical indications.

Diazepam, Lorazepam, Phenobarbital

A

Schedule 4

112
Q

A newborns metabolic rate is lower or higher than an adult?

A

Higher

113
Q

_____: how drugs are transported into and out of body.

A

Pharmokinetics

114
Q

_____: drug effects once they reach target tissues.

A

Pharmacodynamics

115
Q

_____: binds to receptor site: cause it to initiate expected response.

A

Agonist

116
Q

_____: bind to site; do not cause receptor to initiate expected response.

A

Antagonist

117
Q

_____: stopping of bleeding.

A

Hemostasis

118
Q

When two drugs that have the same effect cause response greater than sum of individual responses:

A

Synergism

119
Q

When one drug effects/enhances effects of another drug:

A

Potentiation

120
Q

When one drug effects the pharmacology of a different drug:

A

Interference

121
Q

Regular Expected Side Effects of _____: Insomnia, anxiety, headaches, depression, hear disease, nausea, stroke, psychosis, confusion.

OD Side Effects of _____: Breathing difficulties, Seizure, chest pain/racing heart rate, chills/fever, no urine output, extreme agitation - (hostility/aggression/violence), paranoia, hallucinations/delusions

A

Amphetamines

122
Q

Regular Expected Side Effects of _____: Mild euphoria, lessened anxiety, impaired memory/judgement/coordination, paranoia, irritability, and ideation.

OD Side Effects of _____: Altered LOC, difficulty thinking, drowsiness/coma, faulty judgment/coordination, shallow breathing, slow, slurred speech, lethargic.

A

Barbiturates

123
Q

Regular Expected Side Effects of _____: Drowsiness, constipation, euphoria, N/V, slowed breathing.

OD Side Effects of _____: Cyanosis, unresponsive, pinpoint pupils, slow/irregular/agonal breathing, bradycardia, hypotension, cool, pale and clammy.

A

Opioids

124
Q

Regular Expected Side Effects of _____: Drowsiness, confusion/memory loss, muscle weakness, loss of coordination.

OD Side Effects of ____: Extreme drowsiness or being unable to stay awake, Confusion and cognitive impairment, difficulty speaking, impaired coordination, blurred double vision, dilated pupils.

A

Benzodiazepines

125
Q

Ca Channel Blockers Effect What Heart Rhythm?

A

HTN, Angina, Arrythmias

126
Q

Na Channel Blockers effect what rhythm?

A

Ventricular arrhythmias, and SVT

127
Q

NaK Channel Blockers effect what rhythm?

A

A-Fib, A-Tach

128
Q

_____: The ability of a drug to produce a desired therapeutic effect when it binds to its target receptor.

A

Efficacy

129
Q

_____: Length of time a drug remains effective and produces its therapeutic effects in the body.

A

Duration of Action

130
Q

_____: additive effect of two drugs with similar mechanisms of action , where their combined effect equals the sum of their individual effects.

A

Summation

131
Q

_____: Combined effect of two drugs is greater than the sum of their individual effects.

A

Synergism

132
Q

Nitro will _____ preload if heart is not stretching and pumping as much.

A

Decrease

133
Q

DIURETICS: Increase or Decrease?

Preload:
Stroke Volume:
Cardiac Output:

A

Preload- Decrease
Stroke Volume- Decrease
Cardiac Output- Decrease

134
Q

Nitrates: Increase or Decrease?

Preload:
Stroke Volume:
Cardiac Output:

A

Preload: Decrease
Stroke Volume: Decrease
Cardiac Output: Decrease

135
Q

ACE Inhibitors/ARBs: Increase or Decrease?

Preload:
Stroke Volume:
Cardiac Output:

A

Preload: Decrease
Stroke Volume: Increase or stays the same
Cardiac Output: Increase or stays the same

136
Q

Positive Inotropes: Increase or Decrease?

Preload:
Stroke Volume:
Cardiac Output:

A

Preload: Stays the same or Increases
Stroke Volume: Increases
Cardiac Output: Increases

137
Q

Beta-Blockers: Increase or Decrease?

Preload:
Stroke Volume:
Cardiac Output:

A

Preload: Stays the same
Stroke Volume: Decreases
Cardiac Output: Decreases

138
Q

IV Fluids: Increases or Decreases?

Preload:
Stroke Volume:
Cardiac Output:

A

Preload: Increases
Stroke Volume: Increases
Cardiac Output: Increases

139
Q

_____: The increases intensity of a drug’s effect after repeated doses, due to the drug accumulating in the body faster than it is metabolized or excreted.

A

Cumulative Effect

140
Q

_____: When tolerance to one drug results in tolerance to another drug with similar mechanism of action or pharmacological effect.

A

Cross-Tolerance

141
Q

_____: An unusual or unexpected reaction to a drug that is not dose-dependent and does not occur in most individuals.

A

Idiosyncrasy

142
Q

Generic name for Acetaminophen:

A

Tylenol

143
Q

Generic name for Diazepam:

A

Valium

144
Q

Generic name for Gluticasone Propionate:

A

Flonase

145
Q

Generic name for Ibuprofen:

A

Motrin and Advil

146
Q

Generic name for Lisinopril:

A

Prinivil and Zestril

147
Q

Generic name for Ondansetron:

A

Zofran

148
Q

Generic name for Promethazine:

A

Phenegran

149
Q

Ratio of the toxic dose, _____. A higher therapeutic index means its _____. A low therapeutic index means its _____.

A

TD50/ED50
Safer
Toxic

150
Q

_____ is the concentration in the bloodstream that produces desired effects.

A

Therapeutic level

151
Q

_____ is when the drug reaches its maximum concentration in the bloodstream.

A

Peak Action

152
Q

____ is the time it takes a drug to begin to have therapeutic effects.

A

Onset Action

153
Q

_____ is the time a drug continues to produce therapeutic effect.

A

Duration Action

154
Q

Atropine, Morphine and Digitalis are:
Plant, Animal or Sythetic?

A

Plant

155
Q

Insulin and Oxytocin are:
Plant, Animal or Synthetic?

A

Animal

156
Q

Lidocaine, Diazepam and Midazolam are:
Plant, Animal or Synthetic?

A

Synthetic

157
Q

_____ mimic the effect.

Cholinergetics
Anticholinergics
Adrenergics
Antiadrenergics

A

Cholinergics

158
Q

_____ block the effect.

Cholinergetics
Anticholinergics
Adrenergics
Antiadrenergics

A

Anticholinergics

159
Q

_____ mimic the effect of sympathetic.

Cholinergetics
Anticholinergics
Adrenergics
Antiadrenergics

A

Andrengics

160
Q

_____ block the effects of sympathetic.

Cholinergetics
Anticholinergics
Adrenergics
Antiadrenergics

A

Antiadrinergics

161
Q

Most common loop diuretic we carry:

A

Furosemide

162
Q

What three drugs will be affected if someone has had ED drugs previously?

A

Nitrates
Alpha Blockers
Antihypertensives

163
Q

_____: medication that increases the force of contraction with the cardiac muscles.

A

Inotropic

164
Q

_____: medication that affects the speed of the electrical conductivity throughout the heart.

A

Dromotropic

165
Q

Class I: Sodium Channel Blockers (Caine) treats _____.

A

Ventricular and supraventricular arrythmias

166
Q

Class II: Beta-Blockers treat _____.

A

tachyarrhythmias and prevent arrhythmias in patients with ischemic heart disease.

167
Q

Class III: Potassium Channel Blockers treat _____.

A

atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.

168
Q

Class IV: Calcium Channel Blockers treat _____.

A

supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation/flutter.

169
Q

Sodium Channel Blockers (ends in _____)

A

Caine

170
Q

Beta Blockers (ends in _____)

A

Lol

Paramedic School (6 decks)

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