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220-1001 Flashcards

1
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 47 Optical Media: CD capacity

A

Compact discs (CDs) store 650-700 MB of data

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2
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 47 Optical Media: DVD capacity

A

Digital video/versatile discs (DVDs) store from 4.37 GB to 15.9 GB

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3
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 47 Optical Media: Blue-Ray capacity

A

Blue-ray Discs (BDs) store 25 GB to 50 GB

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4
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 47 Optical Media: CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW

A

All optical media comes in read-only memory (ROM), write-once (R), and write-many (RW/RE) versions

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5
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 47 Optical Media: CDFS

A

CD File System

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6
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 47 Optical Media: CD length in minutes

A

74min / 80min

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7
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 48 USB Standards: USB

A

Universial Serial Bus

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8
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 48 USB Standards: USB 1.0 / 1.1 speed

A

Univeral Servia Bus (USB) 1.0 and 1.1 comes in 1.5 Mbps and 12 Mbps

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9
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 48 USB Standards: USB 2.0 speed

A

USB 2.0 runs at 480 Mbps

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10
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 48 USB Standards: USB 3.0, 3.1 speed

A

USB 3.0 and USB Gen 1 runs at 5 Gbps, USB 3.1 Gen 2 runs at 10 Gbps

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11
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 48 USB Standards: Common USB connectors for peripherals

A

USB Type-B, Mini-B, Micro-B

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12
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 48 USB Standards: Common USB connectors for computers

A

USB Type-A, Type-C

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13
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 49 Understanding USB: A/B connector on upstream/downstream connector types

A

USB Type-A connectors plug into downstream USB ports; USB Type-B connectors plug into upstream USB ports on peripherals. In other words, A connectors are downstream connectors, and B connectors are upstream connectors

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14
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 49 Understanding USB: USB controller function

A

All USB devices connect to USB controllers build into the motherboard of the system; the USB controller is in charge of all connected USB devices. This creates an upstream/downstream concept

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15
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 49 Understanding USB: Possible structures of USB controller

A

USB external ports, connects to root hub, connects to USB controllers. USB controllers of different types can connect to single root hubs or separate root hubs

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16
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 50 Configuring USB: USB devices must have a ________

A

device driver

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17
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 50 Configuring USB: How to secure USB ports

A

(1) Can go to system and disable USB ports. Selectively by port or turn them all off. (2) USB lock = some kind of software to watch over your USB ports. Prevent recording or whitelist certain thumbdrive only. USB lock is absolutely god send for those who don’t want information leak out of their USB ports

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18
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 50 Configuring USB: Function of HID driver

A

HID = human interface device. HID Device drivers, core device drivers that always ensure keyboard and mouse work. Base drivers to ensure core stuff work.

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19
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 50 Configuring USB: What to do when seeing “!” on the device on Windows

A

Although, OSs come with thousands of built-in device drivers, in this case need to download the correct driver for a USB device from the internet

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20
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 51 Thunder and Lightning: Thunderbolt and Lightning speeds

A

Thunderbolt is a general purpose I/O port that runs at 10 Gbps up to 40 Gbps. Thunderbolt 1 - 10 Gb/s (x2 channels); Thunderbolt 2 - 20 Gb/s channels; Thunderbolt 3 - 40 Gb/s channels. Lightning only runs at 5Gbps

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21
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 51 Thunder and Lightning: Connector look of Thunderbolt 1, 2, 3

A

Thunderbolt uses a mini DisplayPort and look the same; Thunderbolt 3 has USB Type-C connector

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22
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 52 Keyboards and Mice: P2/2 Connector color for mouse and keyboard

A

Purple for keyboard; green for mouse

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23
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 52 Keyboards and Mice: Downside of PS/2 connection

A

Need to restart for it to work

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24
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 52 Keyboards and Mice: Where to find keyboards and mice in Windows?

A

Control Panel

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25
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 52 Keyboards and Mice: What device can help when you have multiple computers?

A

Keyboard, video, mouse (KVM) swtiches enable multiple computers to share a single keyboard, monitor, and mouse.

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26
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 52 Keyboards and Mice: Keyboards and mice use what type of connections?

A

Keyboards use either a USB or PS/2 connection; Mice almost exclusively use USB

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27
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 53 Sight and Sound: Sound connector types

A

3.5mm audio jack, S/PDIF (Sony/Philips Digital Interface) [it’s an optical type of jack]

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28
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 53 Sight and Sound: What are 2.1 or 5.1 systems?

A

Speaker systems include satellites and subwoofers. For example, 2.1 system = 2 speakers and a subwoofer

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29
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 54 Readers and Scanners: Types of flash memory

A

SD Card, Mini-SD, Micro-SD, Olympus xD Picture Card (all read from flash memory reader)

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30
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 55 Expansion Slots: Detailed steps to plug in any new cards (sound cards, network interface cards, USB expansion cards, eSATA cards, etc)

A

0) Look at the card, power connector, driver cd, user manual).
1) Select a connector and slot. Use screwdriver to pick a slot (worry on airflow) to take out the shield for I/O. Find the correct slot type. Check if anything this chip needs to be close to. Or if I/O is convenient.
2) Connect any power or data cables to the card
3) Secure the card in its slot with a slot-cover screw
4) Boot up and check device manager (no x or !)
5) Check if it does what it suppose to do

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31
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 55 Expansion Slots: What to do if see blue screen of death after device installation?

A

If any issue, take it out. (1) Go to mfg website, and ensure driver downloaded. (2) Could be compatibility issues esp older devices

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32
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 55 Expansion Slots: Things to make sure get right when plugging in new cards for device installation

A

1) Plug in right
2) Connect any power or data cables to the card - make sure those connected
3) Make sure it does what it is suppose to do

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33
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - 55 Expansion Slots: Common place for Blue Screen of Death

A

a new device installation

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34
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - Quiz on Essential Peripherals: Each version of USB in a computer has its own what? (USB hub, USB controller, USB peripheral, USB Type-B connector)

A

Each version of USB in a computer has its own USB controller which is then connected to a USB hub. USB Type-B connectors connect to a downstream peripheral (such as a printer). A USB hub is a circuit or device with one or more upstream USB ports. Each version of USB does not have its own peripheral.

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35
Q

Sec11 Ch10 - Quiz on Essential Peripherals: Which is not a step in installing a new expansion card? (Turn on the computer, Select a connector and slot, Secure the card in its slot with a slot-cover screw, Connect any power or data cables to the card)

A

The computer should be turned off before installing a new expansion card (and not be turned on until the installation is complete). All of the other choices are normal steps when installing a new expansion card.

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36
Q

Sec12 Ch11 - 56 The Right PC for the Job: 3 things to concentrate for building right PC for the job

A

RAM, storage, graphics needs (also sometimes sound cards)

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37
Q

Sec12 Ch11 - 56 The Right PC for the Job: Audio & Video Editing Workstations

A

Specialised Audio and Video cards, Superfast hard drives

Graphics card, Dual monitors

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38
Q

Sec12 Ch11 - 56 The Right PC for the Job: Gaming PCs

A

most taxing on the system, top of line equipment for motherboard that can multi-core, multi-core CPU, GPU, high-end power supply, high-end cooling, sound card, large SSDs and maybe some HD for storing games

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39
Q

Sec12 Ch11 - 56 The Right PC for the Job: NAS Device

A

Headless server, box that sits on your network. No keyboard, mouse, monitor after initial setup. It focus on file sharing of traditional and media files. Need good high speed network card / Gigabit NIC. Good midrange motherboard (B360N WIFI) with built-in Gigabit NIC. Good midrange CPU (i3). Good data reliability is key so RAID array to protect data - 4 HDs

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40
Q

Sec12 Ch11 - 56 The Right PC for the Job: Virtualization Workstation

A

Max RAM and CPU cores, High-end motherboard (msi X470 Gaming Pro), One SSD (970 EVO) but add traditional drives to store the virtual machines when not using them. OS depends on type of virtualisation that you are using (Windows Pro)

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41
Q

Sec12 Ch11 - 56 The Right PC for the Job: Graphic/CAD/CAM/Design Workstation

A

Motherboard that can support multi-core processor (Asus WS X299 PRO/SE), Powerful mutli-core processor (Intel i9), high end video (GEFORCE GTX1080), Maximum RAM

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42
Q

Sec12 Ch11 - 56 The Right PC for the Job: Standard Thick Client

A

Good middle of road motherboard (B360) with onboard video, Middle of road CPU (i3), A nice SSD, Windows, Desktop applications (MS office)

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43
Q

Sec12 Ch11 - 56 The Right PC for the Job: Standard Thin Client

A

Different from Thick Client. Thin Client rarely need internal storage to do anything. Motherboard with great network connectivity (ASUS PRIME H370M-Plus at Gbps). Basic applications (usually no need for full blown office application but just the applications that this Thin Client needs). This person might just run microsoft in-house applications or a specialised application

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44
Q

Sec12 Ch11 - 56 The Right PC for the Job: Difference between Thick vs. Thin Clients

A

Thin Client rarely need internal storage to do anything but needs strong network connectivity. Also does not need full blown application suites but specific/specialised softare applications.

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45
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 57 Display Technologies: A monitor is composed of individual __________

A

picture elements (pixels)

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46
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 57 Display Technologies: How LCD works?

A

Liquid Cristal Display (LCD) monitors use liquid crystals to allow light to pass or not pass for each color in a pixel

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47
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 57 Display Technologies: How LCD backlight works?

A

LCD backlights are fluorescent (CCFL - cold cathode fluorescent lamp) or LED lights and shine through the liquid crystals

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48
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 57 Display Technologies: How OLED works?

A

Organic LED (OLED) doesn’t use a backlight, as the pixels make their own light

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49
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 57 Display Technologies: How DLP works?

A

Digital Light Processing (DLP) uses a grid of tiny mirrors that shine through a color wheel to create an image. More typical in projectors.

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50
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 57 Display Technologies: Typical response time and brightness for panels

A

1ms to 4ms response time, 200-500 Nit (nt) brightness

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51
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 58 LCD Breakdown: All LCD panels has a preset _______

A

resolution

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52
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 58 LCD Breakdown:

A

The back panel (backlight unit) distributes the light emanating from the CCFL or LED backlights

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53
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 58 LCD Breakdown: What type of panels need inverters?

A

LCDs with CCFL (CCFL screens) need inverters to convert DC power back into AC power for fluorescent lights; LEDS don’t need inverters

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54
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 58 LCD Breakdown: 5 components of montior

A
  1. Panel; 2. Backlight unit; 3. Connectors; 4. Input from data; 5. Power connection
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55
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 59 Graphics Cards and Connections: Major GPU manufacturers

A

Nvidia, AMD (ATI), and Intel make the majority of GPUs

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56
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 59 Graphics Cards and Connections: Key components inside GPUs

A

All graphics cards have RAM to help resolve the screen. And also they have GPUs

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57
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 59 Graphics Cards and Connections: Where to find GPUs

A

(1) Graphics card, (2) Many CPUs come with built-in GPUs

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58
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 59 Graphics Cards and Connections: DisplayPort

A

DisplayPort for dedicated video output. Comes in DisplayPort and mini-DisplayPort

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59
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 59 Graphics Cards and Connections: HDMI types and management ability

A

Hsoth video and sound. Comes in HDMI and mini-HDMI. HDMI has DRM.

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60
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 59 Graphics Cards and Connections: VGA vs DVI signal

A

VGA uses an analog signal; DVI uses a digital signal

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61
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 59 Graphics Cards and Connections: Types of DVI

A

DVI-I (digital and analog) - with a plus; DVI-D (digital only) - with a minus; Single-link DVI (two squares of 3 by 3, not including the 4 from the cross); Dual-link DVI (for high resolution monitor 8 by 3, not including the 4 from the cross)

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62
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 59 Graphics Cards and Connections: CPU + GPU

A

APU (An APU includes a CPU and GPU on the same chip)

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63
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 59 Graphics Cards and Connections: Frame buffering

A

Old technique of using RAM to keep track of every pixel chronologically and push to monitor

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64
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 60 Installing a Graphics Card: Graphic cards needs to use what in the computer?

A

Almost all graphics cards use 16-lane PCIe slots and one or two PCIe power connectors (sometimes dual 8-pin PCIe power connectors)

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65
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 60 Installing a Graphics Card: What needs to be defined for multiple graphics cards?

A

With multiple graphics cards, define the primary card in the system setup

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66
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 60 Installing a Graphics Card: Use of riser card

A

Some systems provide riser cards for extra graphics cards. Example of riser card: PCIe 16-lane on one side, PCIe 1-lane on the other side

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67
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 60 Installing a Graphics Card: What resolution to run the system?

A

Always run the system at your monitor’s native resolution

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68
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 61 Projectors: What technologies projectors typically use?

A

Projectors usually have either DLP or LCD technology

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69
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 61 Projectors: Throw

A

distance from projector lens to object projector shines on

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70
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 61 Projectors: Pincushion

A

Geometric adjustment needed: left and right side looks bended round (convex / concave)

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71
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 61 Projectors: Keystone

A

Geometric adjustment needed: trapezoid shape (can be inverted). Esp when project from top or from bottom

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72
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 61 Projectors: Skew

A

Geometric adjustment needed: parallelogram shape

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73
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 62 Troubleshooting: Overheat shutdown

A

Video cards get hot and shutdown. It monitors itself and does off/on itself. That may mean bad fans on video card. Other thing could mean is packing video card too tight and without ventilation around to have enough air

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74
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 62 Troubleshooting: Dead pixel

A

Just happens on LCD monitors. If pixel always off or always black or alway bright white - no fix for this kind of stuff

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75
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 62 Troubleshooting: Artifacts

A

Pieces of stuff show up on screen that shouldn’t come on any more. First thing to check is video RAM itself as it does go bad. No way to test video RAM. So use a spare and test the same thing and if works, then can blame graphic card RAM. No way to fix as RAM is soldered on.

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76
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 62 Troubleshooting: Incorrect Color Patterns

A

See the screen but color looks weird. 1) Check connection with the connectors esp VGA cables. 2) Check video RAM

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77
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 62 Troubleshooting: DIM image

A

Dim images are caused by a low brightness setting, failing CCFL, or failing inverter. 1) Check to make sure that turn brightness back up. 2) CCFL suddenly go bad. Can buy new CCFLs from Amazon and then replace it.

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78
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 62 Troubleshooting: Flickering image

A

Start with cables esp HDMI cables (could have been damaged as not suppose to plug in and out too many times)

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79
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 62 Troubleshooting: Distorted image

A

1) make sure running at native resolution of monitor (otherwise can cause fuzziness); 2) If Projectors, then it’s about adjusting the geometries

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80
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 62 Troubleshooting: Burn in

A

Old school plasma monitors can happen. LCDs you have image persistence (rather than called burn in). Change screen to something else and it goes away quickly

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81
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 62 Troubleshooting: What is “burn in” type effect on LCD screen?

A

Image persistence

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82
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - 62 Troubleshooting: Oversized images & icons (or undersized)

A

OS like Windows has tools to adjust display size

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83
Q

Sec13 Ch17 - Quiz on Display Technologies: Which is a monitor backlight technology? (LCD, LED, OLED, Nit)

A

LEDs are a monitor backlight technology. LCDs don’t make their own light (thus the need for a backlight). OLEDs make their own light (they don’t need a backlight). Nit is a unit used to measure monitor brightness.

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84
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 63 Introduction to Networking: LAN computers connect with ________

A

LAN computers connect with Ethernet

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85
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 63 Introduction to Networking: Ethernet frames standardized as _______ chunks

A

Ethernet frames standardized as 1500 bytes

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86
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 63 Introduction to Networking: _______ uniquetly identifies a host on a LAN

A

A MAC address uniquely identifies a host on a LAN

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87
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 63 Introduction to Networking: Commands for viewing MAC on Windows and Linux

A

Use ipconfig (Windows) or ifconfig (Linux) to view MAC

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88
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 63 Introduction to Networking: Components of data and MAC

A

Destination Mac Address | Source Mac Address | Data | FCS (frame check sequence)

89
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 63 Introduction to Networking: MAC address format

A

12 hexadecimal characters (48 bits); first 6 hexadecimal characters are OEM ID

90
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 64 Hubs vs Switches: Hubs vs Switches

A

Hubs repeat all traffic on the LAN to all nodes. Switches filter traffic based on MAC address (smart repeater). Switches provide full bandwidth for all nodes

91
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 65 Hexadecimal: How many combinations does 4 bit has?

A

4bit has 16 combinations (0000, 0001, …. 1110, 1111)

92
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 65 Hexadecimal: Each hex character represents

A

Each hex character represent 4 binary numbers (0000-1111)

In hex, numbering goes from 0-9, a-f, for 0-15

93
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 65 Hexadecimal: Why hexadecimal?

A

Hexadecimal (base 16) enables discussion of long strings of 1s and 0s. It replace 4-bit information with a single character.

94
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 65 Hexadecimal: How to represent 11011101?

A

11011101 = DDh (FYI, In hex, numbering goes from 0-9, a-f, for 0-15). 0h, 1h, 2h, … 9h, Ah, Bh, .. Fh

95
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 66 WANs and Routers: IP formats

A

First 3 sets of numbers have to be the same for all devices within same LAN; last set of number has to be different per device

96
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 66 WANs and Routers: Default gateway

A

If device within LAN needs to talk to outside, it must go through a router, also known as default gateway.

97
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 66 WANs and Routers: Switches vs Routers

A

Switches connect (up to 1024) computers in a LAN; Routers connect multiple LANs together in a WAN

98
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 66 WANs and Routers: How routers determine traffic?

A

Routers use logical addressing (IP addressing) to determine local vs. remote traffic

99
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 67 Cables and Connectors: What is DOCSIS for?

A

used for cable modems

100
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 67 Cables and Connectors: 10BaseT

A

10BaseT (10 Mbps baseband twisted pair); 1000BaseT; 10GB base T (10 Gbps)

101
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 67 Cables and Connectors: Coaxial cable ratings and connector type?

A

Coaxial cables use RG ratings and F-type connectors. For RG ratings, 3 on exam: RG-58 (old - for networking), RG-59, RG-6

102
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 67 Cables and Connectors: RG-R8 uses what type of connectors?

A

RG-58 use BNC connector (used for networking)

103
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 67 Cables and Connectors: UTP

A

Unshielded twisted pair (UTP). Most common has 4 twisted pairs. Twisted pair propagate signals better. Most networks use twisted pair cabling. And most can run 100m from switch to computers

104
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 67 Cables and Connectors: Common connectors

A

RJ-11 (4 contacts - for phone) / RJ-45 (8 contacts)

105
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 67 Cables and Connectors: Fiber optics

A

Fiber optic cables use light, rather than electrical pulses

106
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 67 Cables and Connectors: Single mode vs multimode fiber

A

Multimode fiber cables use LEDs to generate light pulses. The other answers are incorrect. Single mode fiber cables uses lasers (often for long distance)

107
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 67 Cables and Connectors: Ratings for twisted pair cabling

A

Twisted pair cabling have different category (Cat) ratings

108
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 67 Cables and Connectors: Cat 5 / 5e / 6 / 6a network speed

A

CAT 5 - 100 Mbps networks; CAT 5e - 1 Gbps; CAT 6 - 1 Gbps up to 100m / 5 Gbps up to 55m; CAT 6a - 10 Gbps at 100m segments

109
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 67 Cables and Connectors: Plenum ratings

A

Based on ability to resist file. 3 ratings:PVC(non-plenum) [don’t put on ceilings or floors], riser rated, plenum rated

110
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 68 Crimping Cables: Crimping tool usage

A

Use a crimping tool to attach UTP cable to crimp (like RJ-45)

111
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 68 Crimping Cables: Termination standards

A

Two standards: T568A and T568B. Just need to swap orange and the green wires

112
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 68 Crimping Cables: Straight-through cable vs. crossover cable

A

Straight-through cable has same standard on each end; Crossover cable has different standards on each end. Plug two computers together, and they can probably talk to each other.

113
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 68 Crimping Cables: Crimping orientation

A

RJ-45 facing me. From right to left: 1,2,3,..,8

114
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 69 Structured Cabling: Horizontal runs

A

Horizontal runs from wall outlet to patch panel through walls / ceilings

115
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 69 Structured Cabling: Punchdown tool

A

Use punchdown tool to connect cable to patch panel. Use longer side on the outside.

116
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 69 Structured Cabling: Length of longest run

A

Longest runs can only be 90m in order to compensate for the patch cable that goes from switch to patch panel (ie. can have 10m of patch cable)

117
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 69 Structured Cabling: What equipment to find cable

A

Use tone generator / tone probe to locate cables. A tone probe and tone generator, also called a Fox and Hound, can easily identify a specific cable within a bundle. Fox (tone generator) and hound (tone probe) - Fox makes the noise, hound finds the noise.

118
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 69 Structured Cabling: TDR

A

Use TDR (Time Domain Reflectometer) for testing runs. TDR uses speed of light to determine how long the cable

119
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 69 Structured Cabling: MDF

A

Structured cabling usually start in a room with Main Distribution Frame (MDF). 15 inch equipment rack. “u” standard height. It has patch panel, switches, and computing services device

120
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 69 Structured Cabling: What use stranded?

A

For patch cable use stranded, more flexible and won’t break it

121
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - 69 Structured Cabling: Soid core

A

a different type of UTP, carries electricity very well

122
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - Quiz on the Essentials of Networking: How does a switch know the MAC addresses of connected devices?

A

Switches watch all inbound frames and learn MAC addresses from them. Switches definitely need to know MAC addresses, which they learn automatically without needing to query hosts or be manually programmed.

123
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - Quiz on the Essentials of Networking: Which is not a network cable type?

A

Plenum describes any type of cable with a fire-resistant jacket. Coax, unshielded twisted pair (UTP) and shielded twisted pair (STP) are all types of network cable.

124
Q

Sec14 Ch18 - Quiz on the Essentials of Networking: Solid-core cabling is best used where?

A

Solid-core cable is used in walls and horizontal runs because it is good for long runs and is not exposed to frequent bending. It is not used in environments where frequent bending occurs such as in patch panels, workspaces, or anywhere that it will be flexed regularly by people handling, stepping on, or tripping over it.

125
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 70 Introduction to TCP/IP: ARPANET

A

ARPANET formed (basis for Internet); TCP/IP adopted as protocol for ARPANET/the Internet

126
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 70 Introduction to TCP/IP: What do you need to give to computer for connecting to internet?

A

1) Give it an IP address; 2) Give it a subnet mask, 3) Give it a default gateway. Subnet mask gives the computer an idea whether it is a local call or long distance call

127
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 70 Introduction to TCP/IP: Meaning of 0 and 255 for subnet mask

A

255 means the same, 0 means different. 255.255.255.0 means the same network should have same first 3 octet

128
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 70 Introduction to TCP/IP: IP address format

A

IP addresses have four octets between 0-255

129
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 70 Introduction to TCP/IP: Network ID format

A

“xxx.xxx.xxx.0” is the format. This signifies that it is not about individual computer but the network ID. Cannot put ending “0” in IP address as it identifies the entire LAN

130
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 70 Introduction to TCP/IP: Structure of data with IP address

A

Destination MAC | Source MAC | Destination IP | Source IP | Data | FCS

131
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 70 Introduction to TCP/IP: Class A / B / C

A

Class C - can only do things on the last set of numbers; Class B - last two sets are free; Class A - only first set is locked… eg. 210.11.12.x - Class C (254 hosts); eg. 172.16.x.x - Class B (65,534 hosts); eg. 6.x.x.x - Class A (millions of hosts)

132
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 70 Introduction to TCP/IP: What does IP addres provide?

A

1) identify which LAN you are a part of; 2) Give you a unique host ID

133
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 71 Network ID and Subnet Masks: How to set static IP address in Windows?

A

Static IP address is done via manual settings. 1) Use Network and Sharing Center for setting up network information. Go to “Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) –> Properties”; 2) Set IP address, subnet mask, default gateway properties (eg. 11.12.13.66, 255.255.255.0, 11.12.13.1)

134
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 72 Special IP Addresses: Class D and E

A

Class D: 224.X.X.X (Class D-multicast address - video presentation live and everyone can get 224.X.X.X address and erase when finish presentation); Class E: 240.X.X.X (Reserved address)

135
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 72 Special IP Addresses: Class A / B / C address range

A

Class A: 1.0.0.0 to 126.0.0.0; Class B: 128.X.0.0 to 191.X.0.0; Class C: 192.X.X.0 to 223.X.X.0

136
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 72 Special IP Addresses: Private IP address types for private network

A

Class A: 10.X.X.X; Class B: 172.16.X.X to 172.31.X.X; Class C: 192.168.X.X

137
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 72 Special IP Addresses: How to test your own system network

A

Loopback IP Address: 127.0.0.1 with ping 127.0.0.1

138
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 72 Special IP Addresses: What to do if suspect internet not working?

A

1) Find your router / default gateway [Windows: ipconfig; MacOS: netstat -nr | grep default]; 2) ping it

139
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 73 NAT: Function of NAT

A

Network address translation (NAT) saves IP addresses. With NAT, internal networks use private IP addresses and share a public address. All gateway routers are NAT-enabled by default

140
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 73 NAT: Adv and disadv of NATS

A

Upside: don’t need to give public IP address to each end-user. Downsides of NAT: 1) slow things down a little bit; 2) anything inside the LAN is invisible to the internet. So can’t put things like web servers in there.

141
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 73 NAT: Gateway router connections

A

Gateway routers only has two connections: 1) one to internal connections (RJ-45 that goes to the switch); 2) out to internet service connectors (F-connector). Also all gateway routers are NAT-enabled by default

142
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 74 Dynamic IP Addressing: DHCP

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) automatically assigns IP information to hosts. Gateway routers commonly are DHCP servers for their internal LAN

143
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 74 Dynamic IP Addressing: AIPIPA

A

If a DHCP client can’t find the DHCP server, it will use an APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing) address

144
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 74 Dynamic IP Addressing: How to know if DHCP problem?

A

If see autoconfiguration IPv4 Address being 169.254.x.x, then know DHCP problem. Maybe DHCP server is down, maybe someone unplug you

145
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 74 Dynamic IP Addressing: What is the format of APIPA address?

A

APIPA always give an 169.254.x.x address (Class B)

146
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 74 Dynamic IP Addressing: How to force new connection to DHCP server?

A

Use the ipconfig /renew command to force a new connection to the DHCP server. Also note: ipconfig /release - disconnect to DHCP server. Can also use network troubleshooting tool

147
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 75 IPv6: Number of bits for IPv6

A

IPv6 addresses use a 128-bit addressing scheme

148
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 75 IPv6: IPv4 vs IPv6

A

IPv4 - one address and a subnet mask. This makes subnet mask to be very important. IPv6 - prefix length fixed at /64. First half is what your prefix is.

149
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 75 IPv6: Are the two types of addresses for IPv6

A

Link-local addresses are used for local connections; Global unicast addresses (internet address) are used to connect to the internet. Link-local address format looks like fe80:0000:0000:0000:[2nd half genereated by system itself]. Example: fe80::aede:48ff:fe00:1122

150
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 76 Port Numbers: Purpose of port numbers vs IP addresses

A

IP addresses get dat to the correct computer, port numbers get data to the correct application

151
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 76 Port Numbers: Port 110

A

110 - POP3

152
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 76 Port Numbers: Port 137-139

A

137-139 - NETBIOS/NETBT

153
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 76 Port Numbers: Port 143

A

143 - IMAP

154
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 76 Port Numbers: Port 161/162

A

161/162 - SNMP

155
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 76 Port Numbers: Port 21

A

21 - FTP

156
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 76 Port Numbers: Port 22

A

22 - SSH

157
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 76 Port Numbers: Port 23

A

23 - TELNET

158
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 76 Port Numbers: Port 25

A

25 - SMTP

159
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 76 Port Numbers: Port 3390

A

3390 - RDP

160
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 76 Port Numbers: Port 389

A

389 - LDAP

161
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 76 Port Numbers: Port 427

A

427 - SLP

162
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 76 Port Numbers: Port 443

A

443 - HTTPS

163
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 76 Port Numbers: Port 445

A

445 - SMB/CIFS

164
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 76 Port Numbers: Port 53

A

53 - DNS

165
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 76 Port Numbers: Port 548

A

548 - AFP

166
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 76 Port Numbers: Port 67/68

A

67/68 - DHCP

167
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 76 Port Numbers: Port 80

A

80 - HTTP

168
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 76 Port Numbers: What are the 3 types of ports?

A

(1) 0-1023 well-known ports (web, secure web, etc) - these ports cannot be used; (2) 1024-49151 registered ports (well known and registered port with elders in the internet like when play “Steam” game. Probably don’t want to use those port numbers either; (3) 49152-65535 Dynamic/Ephemeral ports - spun up by your system

169
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 76 Port Numbers: What shows connection info on a system?

A

Resource Monitor in windows shows TCP connection info on a system that includes IPs and Port numbers

170
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 76 Port Numbers: Data packet structure that includes port number

A

Mac Dst | Mac Source | IP Dst | IP Source | Port Dst | Port From | Data | FCS

171
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 76 Port Numbers: DNS

A

Domain Name System is basically like a speed dialer that gives IP address when provide the website name

172
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 77 TCP, UDP, and ICMP: TCP

A

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is connection-oriented and sends multiple packets; need handshake

173
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 77 TCP, UDP, and ICMP: UDP

A

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is connectionless, but also sends multiple packets; no handshake

174
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 77 TCP, UDP, and ICMP: ICMP

A

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is connectionless and always sends a single packet; eg. ping command

175
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 77 TCP, UDP, and ICMP: PDUs

A

We organise packets by protocol data units (PDUs)

176
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 77 TCP, UDP, and ICMP: 3 types of PDUs

A

(1) Ethernet frame: “Mac Dst | Mac Source | IP Dst | IP Source | Port Dst | Port From | Data | FCS”; (2) IP packet: “IP Dst | IP Source | Port Dst | Port From | Data”; (3) TCP packet or UDP datagram: “Port Dst | Port From | Data”

177
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 77 TCP, UDP, and ICMP: Protocol and TCP/IP

A

Protocol is a set of rules that allow different things to work together (eg. IP Protocol); TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) - two different protocols working together to get the data you need

178
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 78 Understanding DNS: DNS

A

Domain Name System (DNS) resolves fully-qualified domain names (FQDN) to IP addresses; DNS replaced hosts files

179
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 78 Understanding DNS: How does DNS work?

A

DNS uses a hierarchical organisation to resolve FQDNs to IP addresses

180
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 78 Understanding DNS: What is the hierarchcical organisation of FQDNs to IP addresses?

A

Root servers –> first level domains (eg. .com, .edu, .gov) –> second level domains (eg. google.com)

181
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 78 Understanding DNS: All Internet-connected hosts have ____________

A

All Internet-connected hosts have a DNS server

182
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 79 Working with DNS: How to see system’s DNS server?

A

Use ipconfig /all to see a system’s DNS servers

183
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 79 Working with DNS: DNS and DHCP

A

DNS is provided by your DHCP server. You can statically configure DNS and still use DHCP for IP addressing.

184
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 79 Working with DNS: What to prevent issue with DNS server down?

A

Have an alternative public DNS server in case our DNS server is down. eg. 8.8.8.8 or 8.8.4.4

185
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 79 Working with DNS: How to troubleshoot DNS server running or not?

A

Use nslookup to verify a DNS server is running. More specifically, change using “server [dns_ip]” and type the address. If taking too long, then DNS server is problematic

186
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 80 Windows Naming: Windows naming is designed for _______

A

Windows naming is designed for LANs

187
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 80 Windows Naming: When you install Windows, you give the computer a ________

A

When you install Windows, you give the computer a Windows name

188
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 80 Windows Naming: All Windows systems will be a member of ___________

A

All Windows systems will be a member of a domain or a workgroup

189
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 80 Windows Naming: Homegroups

A

Homegroups are a more secure and automated organization, but still a workgroup. Windows 10 dumps it

190
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 80 Windows Naming: Workgroup vs Domain

A

Workgroup - no security, no administration; AD Domain - substantial central administration, highly secure and powerful, Windows server system, expensive

191
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 81 Routers: Router

A

Router filter and forward traffic based on IP addresses. It has built-in network interface controllers (nic), and is used for connecting local area networks (LANs).

192
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 81 Routers: Console port

A

Console port is a serial port that can connect to computer (with a DB-9 connector and RJ-45 connector) for initial configuration.

193
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 81 Routers: Routing table

A

A routing table determines where to filter or forward IP packets. Every routing table has a default gateway that sends all data unless otherwise specified

194
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 81 Routers: Yost / Rollover cable

A

A cable that has DB-9 (5pins 1st row, 4pins 2nd row) on one-end and RJ-45 on another end that connects the console (serial) port of router with the computer. This cable is almost always blue.

195
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 81 Routers: SOHO router

A

A SOHO (Small Office / Home Office) router is usually far more than a router. It can also include switch of multiple ports and WAP (wireless access point)

196
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 81 Routers: Router ports

A

Ethernet (for internal LAN), DOCSIS cable node, console (serial) port

197
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 81 Routers: Troubleshoot router DHCP

A

If IPv4 address shows 192.254.x.x, we know this router is not passing DHCP. Then, needs to go to user’s manual and find out default IP address, then statically set the ip address that matches that range. If 192.168.0.1 is the default ip address of the router, then I will set 192.168.0.x of anything except x=1. Then should be able to connect.

198
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 82 Basic Router Configuration: Initial router configuration

A

Configure both the WAN and LAN connections on your router. Avoid default settings for basic configurations (IP, SSID, password, etc). Don’t create too large of an DHCP pool. Don’t turn on remote management. Leave DNS blank as typicall just use ISP’s DNS server.

199
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 82 Basic Router Configuration: DHCP reservations

A

DHCP reservations set aside IP addresses in the DHCP pool. But it is actually not necessary in most cases. For exampe, can just use the single digits for setting static IP for file server or camera configured that don’t want IP to change. Then, use the DHCP range to set 10 or above to automatically assign dynamic IPs for other computing devices.

200
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 83 Advanced Router Configuration: QoS

A

Quality of Service (QoS) gives control on network bandwidth by many different criteria such as meter bandwidth priority based on certain IPaddresses, Mac addresses, port numbers

201
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 83 Advanced Router Configuration: LLDP and uPNP

A

Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP - Windows)and Universal Plug and Play (uPNP)help with network device identification

202
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - 83 Advanced Router Configuration: SNMP

A

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)goes beyond network device identification and enables querying of network devices

203
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - VLANs: VLANs

A

VLANs (virtual local area network) enable network segmentation without adding hardware. VLANs can take one physical switch and electronically turns it into two or more switches, turning one LAN into multiple ones without needing to buy additional physical switches.

204
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - VLANs: Managed Switch

A

Switches do not use IP addresses but use Mac addresses. So the switch that needs an IP address from DHCP server is also known as a managed switch

205
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - VLANs: Configure VLAN

A

Configure VLAN-capable switches via IP address and Web browser. Use firmware interface for managing VLANs such that certain ports belong to certain VLANs. Firmware interface also enable features such as port security

206
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - VLANs: Port Security

A

Whatever plugs into your port, you memorise the MAC address. And if other non authorise device plug in, just turn the port off or send info on unauthorised mac address entered

207
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - Network Troubleshooting: Connectivity, network, resource problems

A

Connectivity problems caused by physical or software faults. External interference can create network problems. Lack of or slow access to resources points to problems as well

208
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - Network Troubleshooting: No connectivity

A

You cannot get to whatever resource that you want to get to. First, check if you are physically connected. Patch cable plug to back of your computer. Do you have good link light. If all good, second thing to check is IP addressing. If you are a DHCP client should be a non-issue. However, if there is device with static IP, that there could possibly be IP conflict. Also ping your cable and see your system.

209
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - Network Troubleshooting: Limited connectivity

A

DHCP screamer. Run ipconfig and check IPv4 address and if see 169.254.x.x address, then problem with DHCP server. Let say your normal IP is 192.168.4.x, then one day you get on and see 192.168.7.x . Scary error. Somebody else has plugged a DHCP server into the LAN and passing out bad information. Then, you must trace and find that box which can be a real challenge.

210
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - Network Troubleshooting: Rogue DHCP server

A

Let say your normal IP is 192.168.4.x, then one day you get on and see 192.168.7.x . Scary error. Somebody else has plugged a DHCP server into the LAN and passing out bad information. Then, you must trace and find that box which can be a real challenge.

211
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - Network Troubleshooting: Intermittent connectivity

A

Rare in a wired network. There is some problem with actual cabling. eg. putting cable next to an elevator or particular motor that runs on certain time (interference problems).

212
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - Network Troubleshooting: Unavailable resources

A

There are resources that I can normally get to and now that I can’t get to. I used to be able to get that folder all the time and now I can’t. Then ping the system and see if you can. If not that you may have problem for the shared resource itself. Possible that NTFS / network shared permission to unplug you from the shared resource.

213
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - Network Troubleshooting: Slow transfer speeds

A

Can show up in wired network. Most times need to fire up a task manager, and take a look at how hard your network card is spiking up. If spiking up, and go to the processes that eat up the network bandwidth and take it out. This is also instance where QoS settings can be really handy. Set your router or switch to give higher priority for the QoS that’s important.

214
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - Quiz on Local Area Networking: What does 255 mean in a subnet mask?

A

Every octet masked with 255 is part of the network address.

215
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - Quiz on Local Area Networking: Which is usually true of NAT routers in terms of the IP addresses?

A

Normally, NAT routers have a public IP address on their WAN interface and a private IP address on their LAN interface.

216
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - Quiz on Local Area Networking: How many bits are in an IPv6 address?

A

128

217
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - Quiz on Local Area Networking: How many bits are in an IPv4 address?

A

32

218
Q

Sec15 Ch19 - Quiz on Local Area Networking: What is the maximum number of characters in an FQDN? Including dots or not?

A

255 (including dots)

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