2.2 Virtualization & Cloud Computing

Question 1

Define IaaS (2)

Answer 1

1. Infrastructure as a Service
2. Cloud-model that provides hardware only, customer installs/maintains OS & app installation, security

Question 2

Define SaaS (3)

Answer 2

1. Software as a Service
2. On-Demand ability to login and use a software program that is ready to go, such as email or payroll
3. Provider maintains the application and also all your data related to it

Question 3

Define PaaS (3)

Answer 3

1. Platform as a Service
2. In-between IaaS and SaaS, a platform is provided allowing quick development of an application
3. Provider maintains the OS, infrastructure, and provides modular building blocks for the customer to piece together an application

Question 4

Define XaaS (2)

Answer 4

1. Anything as a Service
2. Any combination of services provided in cloud, typically a public cloud hosted by a third-party

Question 5

Define Public cloud model

Answer 5

Cloud with services available to everyone

Question 6

Define Private cloud model

Answer 6

A cloud with services that are only available to the organization managing it

Question 7

Define Community cloud model

Answer 7

To mitigate the expense of creating a full cloud, multiple organizations might split the cost of creating a cloud that they all use

Question 8

Define Hybrid cloud model

Answer 8

The combination of using multiple cloud models by an organization

Question 9

Define cloud service providers

Answer 9

An organization that provides cloud access to other organizations and maintains the cloud services provided

Question 10

Define MSP

Answer 10

Managed Service Provider, A third-party providing specific technical services, such as network services or data backups, that a company that outsource to

Question 11

Define Managed Security Service Provider (MSSP)

Answer 11

A MSP that focuses specifically on security services

Question 12

Define off-premises

Answer 12

Hosting equipment in an off-site location, typically a data center that can provide redundant internet and power

Question 13

Define on-premises

Answer 13

Hosting all equipment at a location owned and totally managed by an organization

Question 14

Define Fog computing

Answer 14

A distributed cloud where some data and processing may done more locally and others sent further for more robust processing capacity

Question 15

Define Edge computing

Answer 15

Processing and data management done locally

Question 16

Define Thin-Client (2)

Answer 16

1. A device with minimum resources to connect to a cloud-based desktop and applications
2. aka VDI - Virtual Desktop Infrastructure

Question 17

Define Containers (vs VM)

Answer 17

A single OS or VM instance that is able to provide multiple sandboxes for applications with each one serving a dedicated user, instead of having entire dedicated VMs for each user

Question 18

Define Microservices/API App Model

Answer 18

An application composed of individual functional blocks that can be added or removed without re-installing or modifying the entire code-base

Question 19

Define Software Defined Networking (SDN) and its 2 components

Answer 19

1. Control plane - handles the configuration and management of a network device
2. Data plane - performs the actual function of the device, i.e. the routing done by routers

Question 20

Define Software Defined Visibility (SDV)

Answer 20

a software-based infrastructure fabric that can monitor all network traffic across various devices, both physical and virtual

Question 21

Define Serverless Architecture

Answer 21

Stateless computer containers are dynamically added and removed upon use to respond to API requests

Question 22

Define Service Integration and Management (SIAM)

Answer 22

a dashboard to deploy and manage services across multiple cloud providers

Question 23

Define Resource Policies, relative to cloud-services

Answer 23

The ability to define access & permissions to services provided in the cloud

Question 24

Define Transit Gateway

Answer 24

A router or device that provides VPN access to cloud-services, such as VPC-based apps or services

Question 25

What is VM Sprawl and how to avoid it

Answer 25

VM Sprawl occurs when VMs/resources created for an app are not deprovisioned once the app is no longer in use; need to have a formal process for provisioning and deprovisioning apps

Question 26

What is VM escape and how to protect against it

Answer 26

VM escape is when one is able to access another VM hosted on the same hardware from the VM they currently have access to; keeping up to date with patches