2.2 Virtualization and cloud computing concepts

Question 1

Infrastructure as a service (IAAS)

Answer 1

This allows customers to purchase and interact with the basic building blocks of a technology infrastructure. The cloud service provider is responsible for managing the physical facilities and the underlying hardware.

Question 2

Platform as a service (PaaS)

Answer 2

These are between IaaS and SaaS. The service provider offers a platform where customers may run applications that they have developed themselves.

Question 3

Software as a service (SaaS)

Answer 3

Provide customers with access to a fully managed application running in the cloud. The provider is responsible for everything from the operation of the physical datacenters to the performance of the application itself.

Question 4

Function as a service (FaaS)

Answer 4

This allows customers to upload their own code functions to the provider and then the provider will execute those functions on a scheduled basis

Question 5

Public

Answer 5

Public cloud service providers deploy infrastructure and then make it accessible to any customers who wish to take advantage of it in a multitenant model

Question 6

Community

Answer 6

Community cloud services do run in a multitenant environment, but the tenants are limited to members of a specifically designed community.

Question 7

Private

Answer 7

any cloud infrastructure that is provisioned for use by a single customer. only one customer uses the environment.

Question 8

Hybrid

Answer 8

catch-all term used to describe cloud deployments that blend public, private, and/or community cloud services together. Hybrid clouds require the use of technology that unifies the different cloud offerings into a single coherent platform.

Question 9

Cloud Service Providers

Answer 9

Firms that offer cloud computing services to their customers. They offer a cloud service for sale.

Question 10

Managed service provider (MSP)/managed security service provider (MSSP)

Answer 10

Services organizations that provide information technology as a service to their customers. MSSP’s are organizations that MSP’s that offer security services as well.

Question 11

On premises vs off premises

Question 12

Fog computing

Answer 12

This uses IoT gateway devices that are located in close physical proximity to the sensors. The sensors themselves dont have processing power but they send data to their local gateway that performs preprocessing before sending the results to the cloud.

Question 13

Edge computing

Answer 13

This is placing some processing power on remote sensors, allowing them to preprocess data before shipping it back to the cloud. The computing is being pushed out to sensors that are located on the “edge” of the network

Question 14

Thin client

Answer 14

thin client devices are sufficient to access SaaS applications like the chromebook.

Question 15

Containers

Answer 15

Provide application level virtualization. Instead of creating complex virtual machines that require their own operating systems, containers package applications and allow them to be treated as units of virtualization that become portable across operating systems and hardware platforms.

Question 16

Microservices/API

Answer 16

These are application programming interfaces. This enables companies to open up their applications data and functionality to external third party developers. This allows services and products to communicate with each other.

Question 17

Infrastructure as code (IaC)

Answer 17

This is the process of automating the provisioning, management, and deprovisioning of infrastructure services through scripted code rather than human intervention.

Question 18

Software defined networking (SDN)

Answer 18

This allows engineers to interact and modify cloud resources through their APIs

Question 19

Software defined visibility (SDV)

Answer 19

This offers insight into the traffic on the cloud virtual networks.

Question 20

Serverless architecture

Answer 20

This does not expose customers to the actual server instances executing their code.

Question 21

Services integration

Question 22

Resource policies

Answer 22

Customers may use this to limit the actions that users of their accounts may take. This is a good security practice to limit the damage caused by an accidental command, or a malicious insider.

Question 23

Transit gateway

Answer 23

allowing the direct interconnection of cloud VPCs or virtual private clouds with on-premises VLANs for hybrid cloud operations

Question 24

Virtualization

Question 25

Virtual Machine (VM) Sprawl avoidance

Question 26

VM escape protection

Question 27

Snowflake Systems

Answer 27

Any system that is different in its configuration compared to a standard template within an infrastructure as code

Question 28

Idempotence

Answer 28

A property of IaC that an automation or orchestration action always produces the same result, regardless of the components previous state.