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Topnotch Pathology :) > 22 - The Skin > Flashcards

22 - The Skin Flashcards

1
Q

This term is the accumulation of edema fluid within the epidermis. Characterizes all forms of eczematous dermatitis.

A

Spongiosis (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 839

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2
Q

An uncommon, usually self-limited disorder that seems to be a hypersensitivity response to certain infections and drugs. Patients present with an array of “multiform” lesions, including macules, papules, vesicles, and bullae, as well as the characteristic

A

Erythema Multiforme (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 840

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3
Q

In this skin disorder, there is marked epidermal thickening (acanthosis), and loss of the stratum granulosum with extensive overlying parakeratotic scale. The most typical lesion is a well-demarcated, pink to salmon-colored plaque covered by loosely adherent silvery-white scales.

A

Psoriasis (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 841

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4
Q

This sign is described as bleeding upon removal of scales from the lesions of psoriasis.

A

Auspitz sign (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 841

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5
Q

Small aggregates of neutrophils within the parakeratotic stratum corneum in psoriasis.

A

Munro microabscesses (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 841

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6
Q

Small aggregates of neutrophils within the spongiotic superficial epidermis in psoriasis.

A

Pustules of Kogoj (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 841

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7
Q

Layer of the skin which is affected in psoriasis.

A

S. granulosum (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 841

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8
Q

“Pruritic, purple, polygonal, planar papules, and plaques” describes this disorder of the skin and mucosa. The pattern of inflammation of this disorder is characterized by angulated, zigzag contour (“sawtoothing”) of the dermoepidermal junction.

A

Lichen Planus (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 841

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9
Q

Anucleate, necrotic basal cells seen in the inflamed papillary dermis of patients with lichen planus are called?

A

Colloid bodies or Civatte bodies (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 841

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10
Q

Presents as roughening of the skin that takes on an appearance reminiscent of “lichen on a tree”. It is a response to local repetitive trauma such as continual rubbing or scratching.

A

Lichen Simplex Chronicus (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 842

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11
Q

Common lesions of children and adolescents, caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Histologic features include epidermal hyperplasia that is often undulant in character, and cytoplasmic vacuolization (koilocytosis).

A

Verrucae (warts) (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 843

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12
Q

The most common type of wart. Occurs anywhere but are found most frequently on the hands, particularly on the dorsal surfaces and periungual areas, where they appear as gray-white to tan, flat to convex, 0.1- to 1-cm papules with a rough, pebble-like surf

A

Verruca vulgaris (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 844

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13
Q

These warts are common on the face or dorsal surfaces of the hands. These warts are flat, smooth, tan macules.

A

Verruca plana/flat wart (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 844

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14
Q

These warts occur on the soles and palms. Described as rough, scaly lesions that may reach 1 to 2 cm in diameter, coalesce, and be confused with ordinary calluses.

A

Verruca plantaris and verruca palmaris (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 844

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15
Q

These warts occurs on the penis, female genitalia, urethra, and perianal areas.

A

Condyloma acuminatum (venereal wart) (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 844

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16
Q

A rare autoimmune blistering disorder resulting from loss of integrity of normal intercellular attachments within the epidermis and mucosal epithelium. Caused by a type II hypersensitivity reaction

A

Pemphigus (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 845

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17
Q

Common histologic denominator in all forms of pemphigus, described as the lysis of the intercellular adhesion sites.

A

Acantholysis (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 845

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18
Q

In this variant of pemphigus, acantholysis selectively involves the layer of cells immediately above the basal cell layer, giving rise to a suprabasal acantholytic blister. There is uniform deposition of immunoglobulin and complement along the cell membrane

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 845

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19
Q

In this variant of pemphigus, acantholysis selectively involves the superficial epidermis at the level of the stratum granulosum.

A

Pemphigus foliaceus (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 845

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20
Q

An autoimmune disease in which the characteristic finding is linear deposition of IgG antibodies and complement in the basement membrane zone. Characterized by a subepidermal, nonacantholytic full-thickness epidermal fluid-filled blister.

A

Bullous pemphigoid (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 846

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21
Q

A rare disorder characterized by urticaria and grouped vesicles. Fibrin and neutrophils accumulate selectively at the tips of dermal papillae, forming small microabscesses, which coalesce to form a subepidermal blister. On immunofluorescence, granular deposits of IgA at the tips of dermal papillae

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 846

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22
Q

These common epidermal tumors occur most frequently in middle-aged or older individuals. The lesions consist of an orderly proliferation of uniform, benign basaloid keratinocytes with a tendency to form keratin microcysts (horn cysts), which has a “stuck-

A

Seborrheic keratosis (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 849

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23
Q

These are rare tumors that primarily occur in the head and neck region of older individuals. They usually present as flesh-colored papules and can be a marker for an internal malignancy.

A

Sebaceous Adenoma (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 849

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24
Q

These lesion is usually the result of chronic exposure to sunlight and is associated with hyperkeratosis. The dermis contains thickened, blue-gray elastic fibers or “solar elastosis” which is the result of chronic sun damage.

A

Actinic keratoses (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 850

25
Q

Acronym for remembering the histologic features of actinic keratoses.

A

“Sunny” SPAIN: S – solar elastoses (dermal sun damage), P – parakeratosis, A - atypia (keratinocytic), I – inflammation, N - not full thickness atypia (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 850

26
Q

A common tumor arising on sun-exposed sites in older people, with higher incidence in women. Arise from prior actinic keratoses. Characterized by highly anaplastic, rounded cells with foci of necrosis and only abortive, single-cell keratinization (dyskeratosis).

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 851

27
Q

This is the most common human cancer, which is a slow-growing tumor that rarely metastasizes. tends to occur at sites subject to chronic sun exposure and in lightly pigmented people.

A

Basal cell carcinoma (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 852

28
Q

These tumors present as pearly, smooth-surfaced papules, often containing prominent, dilated subepidermal blood vessels (telangiectasia). The cells have scant cytoplasm, small hyperchromatic nuclei, and a peripheral palisade with clefting from the stroma.

A

Basal cell carcinoma (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 852

29
Q

This refers to any benign congenital or acquired neoplasm of melanocytes.

A

Melanocytic nevus (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 853

30
Q

These are large nevi and may occur as hundreds of lesions on the body surface. They are flat macules to slightly raised plaques, with a “pebbly” surface. Considered as a marker of melanoma risk.

A

Dysplastic nevi (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 854

31
Q

This cancer of the skin may develop from a dysplastic nevus, and results from excessive sun exposure. Malignant cells have large nuclei with irregular contours having chromatin characteristically clumped at the periphery of the nuclear membrane.

A

Melanoma (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 855

32
Q

This determines the biologic behavior of melanomas.

A

Nature and extent of the vertical growth phase (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed., p 857

33
Q

What is the most common type of all autoimmune blistering disordering of the skin (pemphigus)?

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris (TOPNOTCH)

34
Q

Histologically, what is the most common denominator in all forms of pemphigus?

A

Acantholysis (TOPNOTCH)

35
Q

Morphology: Subepidermal nonacantholytic blisters

A

Bullous Pemphigoid (TOPNOTCH)

36
Q

Morphology: Suprabasal acantholytic blister

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris (TOPNOTCH)

37
Q

Morphology: Characteristically, fibrin and neutrophils accumulate selectively at the tips of the dermal papillae forming small microabscesses

A

Dermatitis Herpetiformis (Seen in Celiac Disease) (TOPNOTCH)

38
Q

Morphology: accumulation of neutrophils beneath the stratum corneum

A

Impetigo (TOPNOTCH)

39
Q

Munro microabscesses is classically seen in?

A

Psoriasis (TOPNOTCH)

40
Q

Auspitz sign is associated with what condition?

A

Psoriasis (TOPNOTCH)

41
Q

Pearly papules often containing prominent, dilated subepidermal blood vessels (telangiectasias)

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma (TOPNOTCH)

42
Q

What is the most commonly accepted exogenous cause of squamous cel carcinoma of the skin?

A

Exposure to UV light (TOPNOTCH)

43
Q

Cutaneous horns are seen in what condition?

A

Actinic Keratosis (TOPNOTCH)

44
Q

What factor is the most important in the determining the biological behavior of malignant melanoma? Vertical or Radial growth?

A

Vertical growth (TOPNOTCH)

45
Q

Morphology: characterized by loss of melanocytes

A

Albinism (TOPNOTCH)

46
Q

In albinism, melanocytes are present but melanin pigment is not produced due to what enzyme deficiency or defect?

A

Tyrosinase (TOPNOTCH)

47
Q

Q: + for melanocyte-associated proteins such as tyrosinase or Melan-A or S

A

Vitiligo (TOPNOTCH)

48
Q

The early developmental stage in melanocytic nevi is called?

A

Junctional nevi (TOPNOTCH)

49
Q

Most junctional nevi grow into the underlying dermis as nests or cords of cells and are called

A

compound nevi (TOPNOTCH)

50
Q

When all the epidermal nests of compound nevi are lost entirely they form what

A

intradermal nevi (TOPNOTCH)

51
Q

Appears to play an important role in the development of skin malignant melanoma

A

Sunlight (TOPNOTCH)

52
Q

What are the 5 clinical warning signs of melanoma?

A
  1. enlargement of a pre-existing mole, 2. itching or pain in pre-existing mole, 3. development of a new pigment lesion during adult life, 4. irregularity of the borders of a pigment lesion, 5. variegation of color within a pigmented lesion (TOPNOTCH)
53
Q

Morphology: proliferations of basaloid cells with formation of prominent keratin filled “horn” cysts

A

Seborrheic keratosis (TOPNOTCH)

54
Q

Appears clinically as flesh-colored, dome shaped nodules with central, keratin filled plug, imparting a crater like topography

A

Keratoacanthoma (TOPNOTCH)

55
Q

Morphology: Central, keratin filled crater surrounded by proliferating epitheal cells that extend upward in a lip-like fashion over the sides of the crater and downward into the dermis as irregular tongues

A

keratoacanthoma (TOPNOTCH)

56
Q

The most important clinical sign of malignant melanoma

A

change in color, size, or shape in a pigmented lesion (TOPNOTCH)

57
Q

In Malignant Melanoma, what type of growth indicated the tendency of a melanoma to grow horizontally within the epidermal and superficial dermal layers, often for a prolonged period of time?

A

Radial growth (TOPNOTCH)

58
Q

In Malignant Melanoma, what are the determinants of a more favorable prognosis?

A
  1. Tumor depth of less than 1.7 mm, 2. Absence or low numbers of mitoses, 3. Presence of a brisk TIL response (Tumor Infiltrating Leukocytes), 4. Absence of regression, 5. Female gender, 6. Location on extremity skin (TOPNOTCH)

Topnotch Pathology :) (23 decks)

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