2.2 Stalin’s Economy

Question 1

‘Great Turn’ 1927-28

Answer 1

Command Economy: communist radicalisation of the economy after NEP - move to central planning
economic punishment leading to faulty reporting

Question 2

‘Industrialisation Congress’

Answer 2

14th Party Congress 1925
Called for transformation of the agrarian system
Maintainers NEP but concerns grew

Question 3

Why did Stalin support the NEP?

Answer 3

1925-27 he needed Bukharin’s support in power struggle
?? Add tactics ***

Question 4

Collectivisation of Agriculture 1928

Answer 4

destruction of private farms development of an industrial mode on the countryside

Question 5

Massive Industrialisation

Answer 5

production increased immensely
5 year plans ended the NEP men’s power

Question 6

15th Party Congress 1927

Answer 6

End of NEP, beginning of 5 year plans and ‘Great Turn’
Stalin promised to catch up to Europe in 10 years

Question 7

GT: reasons

Answer 7

Stalin’s leadership style
move to ‘true socialism’ from blue collar workers
need for military strength and self-sufficiency

Question 8

1st 5 Year Plan: AIMS

Answer 8

‘Superindustrialisation’ HI
Build up industrial infrastructure & factories
(Neglect consumer goods)
1928-32

Question 9

1st 5 Year Plans: SUCCESSES

Answer 9

Magnitogorsk population increased 25 -> 250,000 in 3 years)
Output increase 250%, HI output 330%, coal production 200% and electrical production 400%
‘Shock brigades’ and reward system to encourage workers: submissiveness

Question 10

1st 5 Year Plan: FAILURES

Answer 10

Plants no significant impact until 1934
Only 17% of Moscow workers were skilled (relied on revolutionary spirit)
White Sea Canal: useless for large boats, 10.000 gulag prisoners died building it in Siberia
Shoddy products
Increase in corruption

Question 11

2nd 5 Year Plan: AIMS

Answer 11

1933-37
ncrease consumer goods, but due to 1930s rearmament focus shifted to heavy industry

Question 12

2nd 5 Year Plan: SUCCESSES

Answer 12

coal production up and chemical developments
Centres built in less-developed areas (e.g Kazakhstan); regional development
Small consumer good progress (e.g food processing, footwear production) improved living standards slightly

Question 13

2nd 5 Year Plan: FAILURES

Answer 13

shortage of consumer goods
living standards more continuity

Question 14

3rd 5 Year Plan: AIMS

Answer 14

1938-42
arms production due to war

Question 15

3rd 5 Year Plan: SUCCESSES

Answer 15

1928-41 saw 17% growth rate, steel x4, coal x6

Question 16

3rd 5 Year Plan: FAILURES

Answer 16

Consumer industries failed
Slowdown due to purge of party experts 1937

Question 17

5YPs: Impacts

Answer 17

Increased control: internal passports, voluntary absence housing removal
Unions for higher production
Trotsky removed 1929
farmers -> workers
piece rates replaced fixed salaries

Question 18

Collectivisation: REASONS

Answer 18

broaden econ base, free workers, food surpluses feed town and pay for machinery
economies of scale
removal of kulaks and NEP men
establish control over peasants
increase state producrements (1926 declining)