2.2 Programming Fundamentals

Question 1

Sequence

Answer 1

Executing one instruction after another

Question 2

Selection

Answer 2

A program branching depending on a condition
IF / ELSE statements.

Question 3

Iteration

Answer 3

Repeating sections of code - looping.

Question 4

Types of Iteration

Answer 4

FOR loops
WHILE loops

Question 5

FOR Loops

Answer 5

AKA count-controlled loops are used when the number of iterations needed are known ahead of the iteration executing.

Question 6

Example of FOR loops

Answer 6

for i in range(3):
print(“Hello”)

Hello
Hello
Hello

Question 7

WHILE Loops

Answer 7

Condition-controlled loops are used when the number of iterations needed are not known beforehand as the variable used to determine that changes.

Question 8

Example of WHILE loops

Answer 8

count= 10
while count>0:
print(count)
count = count-1
print(“Blast off”)

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Blast off

Question 9

The 4 Data Types

Answer 9

String
Integer
Float
Boolean

Question 10

Integer

Answer 10

A whole number, positive or negative. Used for calculations.

Question 11

Real / Float

Answer 11

A number with a decimal point. Used for calculations.

Question 12

String

Answer 12

A set of characters.

Question 13

Boolean

Answer 13

TRUE or FALSE. Used to check if something has happened.

Question 14

Character

Answer 14

A single alphanumeric character.

Question 15

Casting

Answer 15

Converting a variable from one data type to another.
x = int(x)

Question 16

Variables

Answer 16

A value stored in memory that can change while the program is running.

Question 17

Constants

Answer 17

A value that does not change while the program is running and is assigned when the program is designed.

Question 18

Assignment

Answer 18

Giving a variable or constant a value.

Question 19

Subprograms

Answer 19

small programs that are written within a larger, main program to perform a specific task.

Question 20

Types of Subprograms

Answer 20

• Functions
• Procedures

Question 21

Functions

Answer 21

Manipulates data and returns a result back to the main program.

Question 22

Example of Functions

Answer 22

function f_to_c(temperature_in_f)
temperature_in_f= (temperature_in_f –32) * 5/9
return temperature_in_c
endfunction

Question 23

Calling a Function

Answer 23

celsius = f_to_c(32)

Question 24

Procedures

Answer 24

A subprogram that performs a specific task. When the task is complete, the subprogram ends and the main program continues from where it left off.

Question 25

Example of Procedures

Answer 25

procedure clear_screen(x)
for i = 1 to x:
print(“ “)
endprocedure

Question 26

Calling a Procedure

Answer 26

clear_screen(5)

Question 27

Advantages of Subprograms

Answer 27

• Easy to write, test and debug as they are very small.
• Easy to understand.
• Can be reused throughout the program.

Question 28

Input

Answer 28

A value that is read from an input device.

Question 29

Output

Answer 29

Data generated by the computer and displayed to the user.

Question 30

==

Answer 30

Equal to

Question 31

!=

Answer 31

Not equal to

Question 32

//

Answer 32

Absolute division.
50 // 4 = 12

Question 33

%

Answer 33

MODULUS
50 % 4 = 2

Answer 34

To the power

Question 35

String Manipulation

Answer 35

The use of programming techniques to modify, analyse or extract information from a string.

Question 36

Concatenation

Answer 36

Joining two strings together

Question 37

Example of Concatenation

Answer 37

word1 = “Computer”
word2 = “Science”
sentence = word1 + word2

= ComputerScience

Question 38

Length

Answer 38

word1 = “Computer”
len(word1)

= 8

Question 39

Character Position

Answer 39

word1 = “Computer”
word1[2]

= m

Question 40

Choosing certain letters

Answer 40

word1 = “Computer”
word1[0,3]
= Com

word1[3,3]
= put

Question 41

Uppercase

Answer 41

word1 = “Computer”
word1.upper

= COMPUTER

Question 42

Lowercase

Answer 42

word1 - “Computer”
word1.lower

= computer

Question 43

Arrays

Answer 43

A set of data values of the same type, stored in a sequence in a computer program. Also known as a list.

Question 44

Example of Arrays

Answer 44

score = [“1”, “2”, “3”, “4”, “5”, “6”, “7”]
print(score[2])

= 3

Question 45

2D Arrays

Answer 45

A two-dimensional array can hold more than one set of data. It is like a table, with data held in rows and columns.

Question 46

Example of 2D Arrays

Answer 46

score [1,9]
Would give the value in the 2nd row and 10th column.

Up the stairs then down the corridor.

Question 47

SQL

Answer 47

Structured Query Language. Programming language used for databases.

Question 48

SQL Commands

Answer 48

SELECT
FROM
WHERE

Question 49

Example of SQL

Answer 49

SELECT “Age”
FROM studentTbl
WHERE “Name” = “Rob” OR “Mia”